Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli, 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli, 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Feb 14;18(4):1863. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18041863.
Honey bees and the pollination services they provide are fundamental for agriculture and biodiversity. Agrochemical products and other classes of contaminants, such as trace elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, contribute to the general decline of bees' populations. For this reason, effects, and particularly sublethal effects of contaminants need to be investigated. We conducted a review of the existing literature regarding the type of effects evaluated in , collecting information about regions, methodological approaches, the type of contaminants, and honey bees' life stages. Europe and North America are the regions in which biological responses were mostly studied and the most investigated compounds are insecticides. was studied more in the laboratory than in field conditions. Through the observation of the different responses examined, we found that there were several knowledge gaps that should be addressed, particularly within enzymatic and molecular responses, such as those regarding the immune system and genotoxicity. The importance of developing an integrated approach that combines responses at different levels, from molecular to organism and population, needs to be highlighted in order to evaluate the impact of anthropogenic contamination on this pollinator species.
蜜蜂和它们提供的授粉服务对农业和生物多样性至关重要。农用化学品和其他类别的污染物，如微量元素和多环芳烃，导致蜜蜂数量普遍减少。因此，需要研究污染物的影响，特别是亚致死效应。我们对现有文献进行了综述，收集了有关评估区域、方法学方法、污染物类型和蜜蜂生命阶段的信息。欧洲和北美的研究主要集中在蜜蜂的生物学反应上，研究最多的化合物是杀虫剂。在实验室中比在野外条件下更多地研究了蜜蜂。通过观察不同的研究结果，我们发现存在一些需要解决的知识空白，特别是在酶和分子反应方面，例如免疫系统和遗传毒性方面。需要强调的是，必须采用综合方法，将从分子到个体和种群的不同水平的反应结合起来，以评估人为污染对这种传粉媒介物种的影响。
