López-Colom Paola, Estellé Jordi, Bonet Jordi, Coma Jaume, Martín-Orúe Susana Ma
Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Animal and Food Science Department, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Agraria del Ecuador, Guayaquil 090104, Ecuador.
Animals (Basel). 2020 Feb 3;10(2):242. doi: 10.3390/ani10020242.
This study aimed to assess the impact of two different feeding programs, including or not antimicrobials, on gut microbiota development at early ages in commercial pigs. For this, 21-day-old weaned piglets were distributed into 12 pens (6 replicates with 26 pigs each) and fed ad libitum until fattening with: standard commercial formula with antibiotics and zinc oxide (2400 ppm) (AB), and alternative unmedicated feed formula (UN). Subsequently, the animals were moved to the fattening unit (F) receiving a common diet. Pigs were weighed, and feed consumption and diarrhea scores registered. Feces were collected on days 9 (pre-starter), 40 (starter) and 72 (fattening) post-weaning and microbial DNA extracted for 16S rDNA sequencing. Piglets fed UN diets had a worse feed efficiency ( < 0.05) than AB during nursery; however, UN pigs spent less time scouring after weaning ( = 0.098). The structure of fecal community evolved with the age of the animals ( = 0.001), and diet also showed to have a role, particularly in the starter period when UN microbiomes clustered apart from AB, resembling the ecosystems found in the fattening animals. Fibrolytic genera (, , Christellansellaceae) were enriched in UN piglets whereas characterized AB piglets (adjusted < 0.05). Overall, this alternative feeding program could anticipate the gut development of piglets despite a lower feed efficiency compared to standard medicalized programs.
本研究旨在评估两种不同的饲喂方案（包括添加或不添加抗菌剂）对商品猪幼龄期肠道微生物群发育的影响。为此，将21日龄断奶仔猪分配到12个猪栏（每个猪栏26头猪，共6个重复），自由采食直至育肥，饲喂：含抗生素和氧化锌（2400 ppm）的标准商业配方饲料（AB），以及替代的无药饲料配方（UN）。随后，将动物转移到育肥单元（F），饲喂普通日粮。对猪进行称重，并记录采食量和腹泻评分。在断奶后第9天（预启食期）、第40天（启食期）和第72天（育肥期）采集粪便，提取微生物DNA进行16S rDNA测序。在保育期，饲喂UN日粮的仔猪饲料效率比AB组差（P<0.05）；然而，UN组仔猪断奶后腹泻时间较短（P = 0.098）。粪便群落结构随动物年龄而变化（P = 0.001），日粮也显示出有作用，特别是在启食期，此时UN组的微生物群落与AB组聚类不同，类似于育肥动物中的生态系统。纤维分解菌属（[具体菌属名称]、[具体菌属名称]、Christellansellaceae）在UN组仔猪中富集，而[具体菌属名称]是AB组仔猪的特征菌属（校正P<0.05）。总体而言，尽管与标准药物治疗方案相比饲料效率较低，但这种替代饲喂方案可以促进仔猪肠道发育。
