Bažec Matej, Dimc Franc, Pavlovčič-Prešeren Polona
Faculty of Maritime studies and Transport, University of Ljubljana, Cesta pomorščakov 4, 6320 Portorož, Slovenia.
Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Jamova cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Sensors (Basel). 2020 Feb 3;20(3):814. doi: 10.3390/s20030814.
Understanding the factors that might intentionally influence the reception of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals can be a challenging topic today. The focus of this research is to evaluate the vulnerability of geodetic GNSS receivers under the use of a low-cost L1/E1 frequency jammer. A suitable area for testing was established in Slovenia. Nine receivers from different manufacturers were under consideration in this study. While positioning, intentional 3-minute jammings were performed by a jammer that was located statically at different distances from receivers. Furthermore, kinematic disturbances were performed using a jammer placed in a vehicle that passed the testing area at various speeds. An analysis of different scenarios indicated that despite the use of an L1/E1 jammer, the GLONASS (Russian: Globalnaya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema) and Galileo signals were also affected, either due to the increased carrier-to-noise-ratio (C/N) or, in the worst cases, by a loss-of-signal. A jammer could substantially affect the position, either with a lack of any practical solution or even with a wrong position. Maximal errors in the carrier-phase positions, which should be considered a concern for geodesy, differed by a few metres from the exact solution. The factor that completely disabled the signal reception was the proximity of a jammer, regardless of its static or kinematic mode.
如今，了解可能有意影响全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）信号接收的因素是一个具有挑战性的课题。本研究的重点是评估在使用低成本L1/E1频率干扰器的情况下大地测量GNSS接收机的脆弱性。在斯洛文尼亚确定了一个合适的测试区域。本研究考虑了来自不同制造商的九台接收机。在定位过程中，由一台静止在距接收机不同距离处的干扰器进行3分钟的有意干扰。此外，使用放置在车辆中的干扰器以不同速度通过测试区域来进行动态干扰。对不同场景的分析表明，尽管使用了L1/E1干扰器，但格洛纳斯（俄语：Globalnaya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema）和伽利略信号也受到了影响，这要么是由于载噪比（C/N）增加，要么在最坏的情况下是由于信号丢失。干扰器可能会严重影响定位，要么没有任何实际解决方案，要么甚至给出错误的位置。载波相位定位中的最大误差与精确解相差几米，这在大地测量中应引起关注。完全使信号接收失效的因素是干扰器的接近程度，无论其是静态还是动态模式。
