Leiva N V, Muñoz G, González M T
Instituto de Ciencias Naturales 'Alexander von Humboldt', Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile.
Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile.
J Helminthol. 2020 Feb 7;94:e124. doi: 10.1017/S0022149X20000061.
Parasite composition can be affected by physiological and ecological changes during host ontogeny. Intertidal fish do not travel long distances and live in the same area throughout their lifetimes, meaning that parasite communities can differ across geographic ranges. The objective of this study was to analyse the parasite communities of three fish species (Hypsoblennius sordidus, Helcogrammoides cunninghami and Scartichthys viridis) collected from the Chilean coast. The composition of parasite species was compared among host ontogenetic stages (larvae, juveniles and mature fish) and geographic areas. A total of 184 larval, 252 juveniles and 217 mature individuals were collected in the northern area (c. 24°S), and 186 larval, 192 juveniles and 112 mature individuals from the central area (c. 33°S). Ectoparasites were most prevalent in fish from the central area, whereas endoparasites were most prevalent in the northern area. The parasite species richness varied significantly between geographical areas for H. sordidus and H. cunninghami, but the parasite composition varied significantly between geographical areas for all fish species analysed. Therefore, the geographical area was the most important factor determining the parasite composition of intertidal fish species. The absence of endoparasites in fish larvae and the increased infestation in juvenile and mature fish may be explained by the shift in habitat from the water column to intertidal pools where prey abundance and availability are higher. On the other hand, hydrographic barriers affecting prey distributions may also offer an explanation as to the differences in parasite composition.
寄生虫组成会受到宿主个体发育过程中的生理和生态变化影响。潮间带鱼类不会远距离游动，一生都生活在同一区域，这意味着不同地理区域的寄生虫群落可能存在差异。本研究的目的是分析从智利海岸采集的三种鱼类（邋遢高冠鳚、坎氏仿鲉和绿身锯鳞鱼）的寄生虫群落。比较了宿主个体发育阶段（幼体、幼鱼和成鱼）和地理区域之间的寄生虫种类组成。在北部地区（约南纬24°）共采集了184尾幼体、252尾幼鱼和217尾成鱼，在中部地区（约南纬33°）采集了186尾幼体、192尾幼鱼和112尾成鱼。外寄生虫在中部地区的鱼类中最为普遍，而内寄生虫在北部地区最为普遍。对于邋遢高冠鳚和坎氏仿鲉，寄生虫物种丰富度在不同地理区域之间存在显著差异，但在所分析的所有鱼类物种中，寄生虫组成在不同地理区域之间存在显著差异。因此，地理区域是决定潮间带鱼类寄生虫组成的最重要因素。鱼类幼体中没有内寄生虫，而幼鱼和成鱼中的感染增加，这可能是由于栖息地从水柱转移到潮间带水池，那里猎物的丰度和可获得性更高。另一方面，影响猎物分布的水文屏障也可能解释寄生虫组成的差异。
