Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
Poult Sci. 2020 Feb;99(2):719-724. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.12.020. Epub 2020 Jan 24.
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) represent the most important avian Mycoplasma species in the poultry industry, causing considerable economic losses. In Italy, the presence of MG or MS has been investigated especially in commercial poultry farms. To our knowledge, no systematic investigations on MG or MS presence using highly specific diagnostic assays have been performed in backyard poultry. The aim of this study was to detect and molecularly characterize MG and MS strains in 11 backyard poultry flocks located in different regions of Italy. Tracheal swabs were collected and DNA was extracted. For MS, a PCR targeting a vlhA gene fragment was performed, and typing and subtyping was attempted. The presence of MG was investigated by a screening PCR, then MG typing by gene-targeted sequencing (GTS). All the amplicons were sequenced, then MG and MS dendrograms were constructed. All the flocks examined resulted Mycoplasma positive: 5 out of 11 (45.45%) were MG and MS positive, 3 (27.27%) were MG positive, and the remaining 3 (27.27%) were MS positive. The MS detections were assigned to types C, D, and F. All strains of type D belonged to subtype D1 and 2 unknown subtypes were identified. A MS sequence showed peculiar characteristics, which did not allow assignment to a known MS type or subtype. MG GTS analysis identified 6 MG strains belonging to 5 subclusters circulating in Italian backyards chicken flocks. The results of this study provide evidence of a risk for commercial poultry farms, especially in areas where backyard and commercial farms are close, suggesting the implementation of biosecurity measures.
鸡败血支原体（MG）和滑液囊支原体（MS）是家禽养殖业中最重要的两种支原体，可引起巨大的经济损失。在意大利，人们对商业家禽养殖场中 MG 和 MS 的存在情况进行了调查。据我们所知，尚未在庭院禽群中使用高度特异性诊断检测方法对 MG 或 MS 的存在情况进行系统调查。本研究旨在检测和分子鉴定来自意大利不同地区的 11 个庭院禽群中的 MG 和 MS 株。采集气管拭子并提取 DNA。针对 MS，进行了靶向 vlhA 基因片段的 PCR，尝试进行了分型和亚型分析。通过筛查 PCR 检测 MG 的存在情况，然后通过基因靶向测序（GTS）进行 MG 分型。对所有扩增子进行测序，然后构建 MG 和 MS 系统发育树。所有检查的禽群均为支原体阳性：11 个禽群中有 5 个（45.45%）MG 和 MS 均为阳性，3 个（27.27%）为 MG 阳性，其余 3 个（27.27%）为 MS 阳性。MS 的检测结果分配给 C、D 和 F 三种类型。所有 D 型菌株均属于 D1 亚型，还鉴定出 2 种未知亚型。一个 MS 序列具有独特的特征，无法将其分配给已知的 MS 类型或亚型。MG GTS 分析鉴定出 6 株 MG 菌株，它们属于在意大利庭院禽群中流行的 5 个亚群。本研究结果表明，商业禽群存在风险，特别是在庭院禽群和商业禽群距离较近的地区，提示应采取生物安全措施。
