Sadeghi Hadi, Nasseri Simin, Yunesian Masud, Mahvi Amir Hossein, Nabizadeh Ramin, Alimohammadi Mahmoud
1Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
2Center for Water Quality Research, Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Environ Health Sci Eng. 2019 Jun 12;17(2):619-632. doi: 10.1007/s40201-019-00374-x. eCollection 2019 Dec.
Trihalomethanes (THMs) have been proven to be potentially genotoxic and mutagenic for human. The aim of this study was to characterize the THMs spatiotemporal distribution and its carcinogenic risk potential in Ardabil water distribution system. Water samples were collected over consecutive months from twenty-six points in the city of Ardabil from April 2016 to March 2017. The potential carcinogenic risk assessment of THMs was evaluated quantitatively with uncertainty assessment based on Monte-Carlo simulation technique. The results showed that the mean concentrations of bromodichloromethane, Chloroform, dibromochloromethane and Bromoform in water consumed by residents were 101.97 ± 58.51, 85.18 ± 47.79, 51.67 ± 29.57 and 11.89 ± 6.64 μg/L, respectively, during the sampling period. According to the result of this study, the concentrations of THMs were higher in summer in comparison with other seasons. The mean values of lifetime cancer risks for residents through ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact are 2.85×10-4, 6.46×10-7, and 1.26×10-7, respectively. The lifetime cancer risks for residents through ingestion was found to be 285 times more than the minimum or negligible level set by US.EPA (1.0×10-6) and for dermal contact and inhalation lower than the minimum or negligible level set by US.EPA. The results of the present research may contribute to inform the decision makers of drinking water supply system about the role of water quality in the health of consumers.
三卤甲烷（THMs）已被证明对人类具有潜在的遗传毒性和致突变性。本研究的目的是表征阿尔达比勒供水系统中三卤甲烷的时空分布及其致癌风险潜力。2016年4月至2017年3月，连续数月从阿尔达比勒市的26个地点采集水样。基于蒙特卡洛模拟技术，通过不确定性评估对三卤甲烷的潜在致癌风险进行了定量评估。结果表明，在采样期间，居民消费水中溴二氯甲烷、氯仿、二溴氯甲烷和溴仿的平均浓度分别为101.97±58.51、85.18±47.79、51.67±29.57和11.89±6.64μg/L。根据本研究结果，三卤甲烷的浓度在夏季高于其他季节。居民通过摄入、吸入和皮肤接触的终生癌症风险平均值分别为2.85×10-4、6.46×10-7和1.26×10-7。居民通过摄入的终生癌症风险比美国环境保护局设定的最低或可忽略水平（1.0×10-6）高285倍，而通过皮肤接触和吸入的终生癌症风险低于美国环境保护局设定的最低或可忽略水平。本研究结果可能有助于为饮用水供应系统的决策者提供信息，使其了解水质对消费者健康的影响。
