Ahmadi Mehdi, Akhbarizadeh Razegheh, Haghighifard Neematollah Jaafarzadeh, Barzegar Gelavizh, Jorfi Sahand
1Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
2Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
J Environ Health Sci Eng. 2019 Jun 6;17(2):657-669. doi: 10.1007/s40201-019-00379-6. eCollection 2019 Dec.
Soil contamination with heavy metals due to the application of fertilizers and biocides in agricultural activities is a potential threat for human health through the food chain. The present work was designed to study the spatial distribution of heavy metals, pollution level and possible reasons for their contamination in agricultural soils of Aghili plain, Khuzestan, Iran. The median concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V, Zn, and Hg were 2.90, 0.29, 8.10, 39.0, 17.75, 354.0, 0.97, 58.35, 5.90, 34.0, 42.0, and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. The results revealed that average concentrations of all studied heavy metals with an exception of Co, Cu, and Ni, were lower than background values. Analysis of source identification showed that Zn, Pb, and Cu ( < 0.01, r > 0.9) and Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, and V ( < 0.01, r > 0.7) were mainly from anthropogenic. In addition, Cd probably was originated from agricultural activities (application of manure and phosphorous fertilizers). Enrichment factor values of all metals (except Ni), were in the range of non to moderate enrichment (EF < 5). According to the degree of contamination (C) and ecological risk factor (ERF), all stations were categorized as low to moderate contaminated sites (4.5 < C < 17), and biological communities in some locations may be at risk (ERF >65). Results indicate that application of fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides in agricultural soils has led to soil contamination and special management and educational plans are needed for public and farmers to prevent further adverse effects.
农业活动中因施用化肥和杀虫剂导致的土壤重金属污染，通过食物链对人类健康构成潜在威胁。本研究旨在探讨伊朗胡齐斯坦省阿吉里平原农业土壤中重金属的空间分布、污染程度及其污染的可能原因。砷、镉、钴、铬、铜、锰、钼、镍、铅、钒、锌和汞的中位浓度分别为2.90、0.29、8.10、39.0、17.75、354.0、0.97、58.35、5.90、34.0、42.0和0.01mg/kg。结果表明，除钴、铜和镍外，所有研究重金属的平均浓度均低于背景值。源解析分析表明，锌、铅和铜（<0.01，r>0.9）以及钴、铬、锰、镍和钒（<0.01，r>0.7）主要来自人为源。此外，镉可能源于农业活动（施用粪肥和磷肥）。所有金属（除镍外）的富集因子值处于无至中度富集范围（EF<5）。根据污染程度（C）和生态风险因子（ERF），所有站点均被归类为低至中度污染场地（4.5<C<17），部分地区的生物群落可能面临风险（ERF>65）。结果表明，农业土壤中化肥、除草剂和杀虫剂的施用导致了土壤污染，需要针对公众和农民制定特殊的管理和教育计划，以防止进一步的不利影响。
