Department of General Management and Economics, Goa Institute of Management, Sanquelim, India.
Department of Applied Economics, International Economy Institute, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Mar;27(9):10129-10134. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-07955-6. Epub 2020 Feb 6.
This paper shows the bilateral association between tourism development and inequality in per capita availability of water. The study is conducted on the countries with high tourism receipt, and thereafter, this study shows whether the directions of tourism development in these countries are going to be sustainable or not. In order to achieve this, we have used tourism investment and tourism receipt as two indicators of tourism development and have assessed their differential impacts on the disparity in water availability by applying DOLS and causality analysis approach. Empirical results show long-run impact of tourism on inequality in per capita availability of water, along with the presence of bidirectional causal association among the tourism development and inequality parameters. This study further reveals the impact of tourism on the regional disparity in distribution of water that can appear due to the differential approach taken toward tourism development. Based on study outcomes, several policy directions where offered for the investigated blocs.
本文展示了旅游发展与人均水资源可获得量不平等之间的双边关系。该研究针对旅游收入较高的国家进行，并在此基础上探讨这些国家的旅游发展方向是否具有可持续性。为此，我们使用旅游投资和旅游收入作为旅游发展的两个指标，并通过应用 DOLS 和因果关系分析方法，评估了它们对水资源可获得量差异的不同影响。实证结果表明，旅游对人均水资源可获得量不平等具有长期影响，同时旅游发展和不平等参数之间存在双向因果关系。本研究还揭示了旅游对由于旅游发展的不同方法而可能导致的水资源分布区域差异的影响。基于研究结果，为所研究的国家集团提供了若干政策方向。
