European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
PET Imaging in Drug Design and Development (PET3D), Münster, Germany.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1225:71-87. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-35727-6_5.
The tumour microenvironment (TME) surrounding tumour cells is a highly dynamic and heterogeneous composition of immune cells, fibroblasts, precursor cells, endothelial cells, signalling molecules and extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Due to the heterogeneity and the constant crosstalk between the TME and the tumour cells, the components of the TME are important prognostic parameters in cancer and determine the response to novel immunotherapies. To improve the characterization of the TME, novel non-invasive imaging paradigms targeting the complexity of the TME are urgently needed.The characterization of the TME by molecular imaging will (1) support early diagnosis and disease follow-up, (2) guide (stereotactic) biopsy sampling, (3) highlight the dynamic changes during disease pathogenesis in a non-invasive manner, (4) help monitor existing therapies, (5) support the development of novel TME-targeting therapies and (6) aid stratification of patients, according to the cellular composition of their tumours in correlation to their therapy response.This chapter will summarize the most recent developments and applications of molecular imaging paradigms beyond FDG for the characterization of the dynamic molecular and cellular changes in the TME.
肿瘤微环境（TME）围绕着肿瘤细胞，由免疫细胞、成纤维细胞、前体细胞、内皮细胞、信号分子和细胞外基质（ECM）成分等高度动态和异质的组成。由于 TME 与肿瘤细胞之间的异质性和持续的串扰，TME 的成分是癌症的重要预后参数，并决定了对新型免疫疗法的反应。为了更好地描述 TME，迫切需要针对 TME 复杂性的新型非侵入性成像范式。通过分子成像对 TME 的描述将（1）支持早期诊断和疾病随访，（2）指导（立体定向）活检采样，（3）以非侵入性的方式突出疾病发病过程中的动态变化，（4）帮助监测现有疗法，（5）支持新型 TME 靶向疗法的开发，以及（6）根据肿瘤细胞组成与治疗反应的相关性，帮助对患者进行分层。本章将总结 FDG 以外的分子成像范式在描述 TME 中动态分子和细胞变化方面的最新进展和应用。
