Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1225:115-125. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-35727-6_8.
Brain tumors are complex cellular ecosystems, composed of populations of both neoplastic and non-neoplastic cell types. While the contributions of the cancer cells in low-grade and high-grade gliomas have been extensively studied, there is comparatively less known about the contributions of the non-neoplastic cells in these tumors. As such, a large proportion of the non-neoplastic cells in gliomas are resident brain microglia, infiltrating circulating macrophages, and T lymphocytes. These immune system-like stromal cells are recruited into the evolving tumor through the elaboration of chemokines, and are reprogrammed to adopt new cellular identities critical for glioma formation, maintenance, and progression. In this manner, these populations of tumor-associated microglia and macrophages produce growth factors that support gliomagenesis and continued tumor growth. As we begin to characterize these immune cell contributions, future therapies might emerge as adjuvant approaches to glioma treatment.
脑肿瘤是复杂的细胞生态系统，由肿瘤细胞和非肿瘤细胞组成。低级别和高级别神经胶质瘤的肿瘤细胞的作用已被广泛研究，但对于这些肿瘤中非肿瘤细胞的作用了解较少。因此，胶质瘤中的大量非肿瘤细胞是驻留的脑小胶质细胞、浸润的循环巨噬细胞和 T 淋巴细胞。这些类似于免疫系统的基质细胞通过趋化因子的表达被招募到不断发展的肿瘤中，并被重新编程以获得新的细胞身份，这对于胶质瘤的形成、维持和进展至关重要。通过这种方式，这些肿瘤相关的小胶质细胞和巨噬细胞群体产生支持神经胶质瘤发生和持续肿瘤生长的生长因子。随着我们开始描述这些免疫细胞的作用，未来的治疗方法可能会作为胶质母细胞瘤治疗的辅助方法出现。
