Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Neuro Oncol. 2022 Oct 3;24(10):1647-1657. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noac055.
The brain tumor microenvironment contains numerous distinct types of nonneoplastic cells, which each serve a diverse set of roles relevant to the formation, maintenance, and progression of these central nervous system cancers. While varying in frequencies, monocytes (macrophages, microglia, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells), dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and T lymphocytes represent the most common nonneoplastic cellular constituents in low- and high-grade gliomas (astrocytomas). Although T cells are conventionally thought to target and eliminate neoplastic cells, T cells also exist in other states, characterized by tolerance, ignorance, anergy, and exhaustion. In addition, T cells can function as drivers of brain cancer growth, especially in low-grade gliomas. Since T cells originate in the blood and bone marrow sinuses, their capacity to function as both positive and negative regulators of glioma growth has ignited renewed interest in their deployment as immunotherapeutic agents. In this review, we discuss the roles of T cells in low- and high-grade glioma formation and progression, as well as the potential uses of modified T lymphocytes for brain cancer therapeutics.
脑肿瘤微环境包含许多不同类型的非肿瘤细胞，这些细胞在中枢神经系统癌症的形成、维持和进展中都具有不同的作用。虽然频率不同，但单核细胞（巨噬细胞、小胶质细胞和髓系来源的抑制细胞）、树突状细胞、自然杀伤细胞和 T 淋巴细胞是低级别和高级别神经胶质瘤（星形细胞瘤）中最常见的非肿瘤细胞成分。尽管 T 细胞通常被认为可以靶向和消除肿瘤细胞，但 T 细胞也存在其他状态，其特征是耐受、忽视、无能和衰竭。此外，T 细胞还可以作为脑癌生长的驱动因素，尤其是在低级别神经胶质瘤中。由于 T 细胞起源于血液和骨髓窦，它们作为胶质瘤生长的正向和负向调节剂的功能激发了人们对将其作为免疫治疗剂的重新兴趣。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 T 细胞在低级别和高级别神经胶质瘤形成和进展中的作用，以及修饰后的 T 淋巴细胞在脑癌治疗中的潜在用途。
