School of Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK.
Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Feb 4;17(3):968. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17030968.
Attachment security priming has been extensively used in relationship research to explore the contents of mental models of attachment and examine the benefits derived from enhancing security. This systematic review explores the effectiveness of attachment security priming in improving positive affect and reducing negative affect in adults and children. The review searched four electronic databases for peer-reviewed journal articles. Thirty empirical studies met our inclusion criteria, including 28 adult and 2 child and adolescent samples. The findings show that attachment security priming improved positive affect and reduced negative affect relative to control primes. Supraliminal and subliminal primes were equally effective in enhancing security in one-shot prime studies (we only reviewed repeated priming studies using supraliminal primes so could not compare prime types in these). Global attachment style moderated the primed style in approximately half of the studies. Importantly, repeated priming studies showed a cumulative positive effect of security priming over time. We conclude that repeated priming study designs may be the most effective. More research is needed that explores the use of attachment security priming as a possible intervention to improve emotional wellbeing, in particular for adolescents and children.
依恋安全启动已被广泛应用于关系研究中，以探索依恋心理模型的内容，并检验增强安全性的益处。本系统评价探讨了依恋安全启动对改善成年人和儿童积极情绪和减轻消极情绪的有效性。该综述在四个电子数据库中搜索了同行评审的期刊文章。有 30 项实证研究符合我们的纳入标准，其中包括 28 项成人和 2 项儿童和青少年样本。研究结果表明，与对照启动相比，依恋安全启动可提高积极情绪，减轻消极情绪。在单次启动研究中，超敏和阈下启动在增强安全性方面同样有效（我们只审查了使用超敏启动的重复启动研究，因此无法在这些研究中比较启动类型）。全球依恋风格在大约一半的研究中调节了启动风格。重要的是，重复启动研究显示了随着时间的推移，安全启动的累积积极效应。我们的结论是，重复启动研究设计可能是最有效的。需要更多的研究来探索将依恋安全启动用作改善情绪健康的一种可能干预措施，特别是针对青少年和儿童。
