Damis Louis F
Integrative Health Psychology, PA, Oviedo, FL 32765, USA;
NeuroSci. 2022 Jan 18;3(1):63-88. doi: 10.3390/neurosci3010005. eCollection 2022 Mar.
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder is a chronic condition that occurs following a traumatic experience. Information processing models of PTSD focus on integrating situationally triggered sensory-emotional memories with consciously accessible autobiographical memories. Review of the nature of implicit memory supports the view that sensory-emotional memories are implicit in nature. Dissociation was also found to be associated with the development and severity of PTSD, as well as deficits in autobiographical memory. Moreover, disorganized attachment (DA) was associated with greater degrees of dissociation and PTSD, and like the defining neural activation in PTSD, was found to be associated with basal ganglia activity. In addition, subcortical neuroception of safety promotes a neurophysiological substrate supportive of social engagement and inhibition of fear-based responses. Furthermore, activation of representations of co-created imagined scenes of safety and secure attachment are associated with increases in this neurophysiological substrate. Repeated priming of secure attachment imagery was associated with modification of internal working models of DA along with reductions in dissociation and recovery from complex PTSD. In conclusion, it is posited that adequate recovery from extensive trauma experiences requires more than conscious elaboration of traumatic autobiographical memories and that the application of implicit nonconscious memory modification strategies will facilitate more optimal recovery.
创伤后应激障碍是一种在创伤经历后出现的慢性疾病。创伤后应激障碍的信息处理模型专注于将情境触发的感官情绪记忆与有意识可及的自传体记忆整合起来。对内隐记忆本质的回顾支持了这样一种观点，即感官情绪记忆本质上是内隐的。解离也被发现与创伤后应激障碍的发展和严重程度以及自传体记忆缺陷有关。此外，紊乱型依恋（DA）与更高程度的解离和创伤后应激障碍有关，并且与创伤后应激障碍中明确的神经激活一样，被发现与基底神经节活动有关。此外，对安全的皮层下神经感知促进了一种支持社会参与和抑制基于恐惧反应的神经生理基础。此外，共同创造的安全和 secure 依恋想象场景表征的激活与这种神经生理基础的增加有关。反复启动安全依恋意象与紊乱型依恋的内部工作模型的改变以及解离的减少和复杂性创伤后应激障碍的恢复有关。总之，有人认为，从广泛的创伤经历中充分恢复需要的不仅仅是对创伤性自传体记忆的有意识阐述，并且内隐无意识记忆修改策略的应用将促进更优化的恢复。 （注：原文中“secure attachment”翻译为“安全依恋”更准确，但这里按照你要求保留了英文“secure”，可能会稍显奇怪，完整准确的表述应为“安全依恋”。）
