Folkhälsan Research Centre, Samfundet Folkhälsan, Topeliuksenkatu 20, 00250, Helsinki, Finland.
Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O.box 66, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
BMC Pediatr. 2020 Feb 7;20(1):58. doi: 10.1186/s12887-020-1948-y.
Prechoolers' significant portions of sedentary time (ST) is a public-health concern due to its high prevalence and negative health consequences. However, few studies have explored correlates of preschoolers' ST covering individual-, home- and preschool- factors within one study. The aim of this study was to identify the associations between multiple individual-, home- and preschool-level factors and preschoolers' ST. In addition, it was studied how much individual-, home- and preschool-level factors explained the variance in children's ST.
A total of 864 children aged three to six, their parents and 66 preschools participated in the cross-sectional DAGIS study, which occurred between 2015 and 2016. The children wore an accelerometer for 1 week. Guardians, principals and early educators completed questionnaires covering the potential correlates of children's ST, for example, temperament, practices, self-efficacy and regulations. Multilevel regression analyses were conducted in multiple steps; calculation of marginal and conditional R values occurred in the final phase.
Of the 29 studied correlates, the following factors remained significant in the final models. Being a boy (p < 0.001) and having high levels of surgency temperament (p < 0.001) were associated with lower ST. Regarding the home setting, frequent co-visits in physical activity (PA) places (p = 0.014) were associated with lower ST. Higher parental perceived barriers related to children's outside PA (p = 0.032) was associated with higher ST. None of the preschool setting factors remained significant in the final model. Approximately 11% of the variance in children's ST was attributed to factors related to the individual level whereas 5% was attributed to home-level factors; and 2% to preschool-level factors.
This study identified a set of correlates of preschool children's ST. Interventions aimed at reducing children's ST should develop strategies targeting established correlates of preschoolers' ST covering individual-, home- and preschool-level factors. The preschool-level factors included in this study explained little the variance in children's ST. However, the included measures may not have captured the essential preschool-level factors that specifically influence children's ST. Therefore, more studies are needed regarding potential preschool-level factors.
由于学龄前儿童久坐时间（ST）的高患病率和对健康的负面影响，其大量久坐时间是一个公共卫生问题。然而，很少有研究在一项研究中同时探讨个人、家庭和学前因素与学龄前儿童久坐时间的相关性。本研究旨在确定多个个人、家庭和学前因素与学龄前儿童久坐时间之间的关联。此外，还研究了个人、家庭和学前因素在多大程度上解释了儿童久坐时间的差异。
共有 864 名 3 至 6 岁的儿童、他们的父母和 66 所幼儿园参加了横断面 DAGIS 研究，该研究于 2015 年至 2016 年进行。孩子们佩戴加速度计一周。监护人、校长和早期教育者完成了涵盖儿童久坐时间潜在相关因素的问卷，例如气质、实践、自我效能和监管。多水平回归分析分多个步骤进行；在最后阶段计算边缘和条件 R 值。
在所研究的 29 个相关因素中，以下因素在最终模型中仍然具有统计学意义。男孩（p<0.001）和高活跃气质（p<0.001）与较低的 ST 相关。关于家庭环境，经常到体育活动（PA）场所参观（p=0.014）与较低的 ST 相关。父母对儿童户外 PA 的感知障碍较高（p=0.032）与较高的 ST 相关。学前环境因素中没有一个在最终模型中具有统计学意义。儿童 ST 的差异约有 11%归因于与个体水平相关的因素，5%归因于家庭水平因素，2%归因于学前水平因素。
本研究确定了一系列与学龄前儿童 ST 相关的因素。旨在减少儿童 ST 的干预措施应制定针对学龄前儿童 ST 相关因素的策略，涵盖个人、家庭和学前水平因素。本研究纳入的学前因素对儿童 ST 的差异解释很小。然而，纳入的措施可能没有捕捉到具体影响儿童 ST 的基本学前因素。因此，还需要更多关于潜在学前因素的研究。
