Browne R A, Chernesky M A
Department of Anaesthesia, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario.
Can J Anaesth. 1988 Nov;35(6):655-65. doi: 10.1007/BF03020357.
The methods of dealing with various items of anaesthetic equipment in order to assure a fresh supply for each patient have been discussed. These consist of using disposable items, steam sterilization, disinfection by both chemical methods and pasteurization and the use of ethylene oxide sterilization. The use of disposable bacterial and viral filtres to protect ventilators and soda lime cannisters is discussed. These can then be sterilized by ethylene oxide at less frequent intervals, i.e., weekly. Protection of the anaesthetists' skin from contact with body fluids by the use of barrier methods are stressed. Methods to avoid penetration of the skin by needlestick and sharp objects are discussed. The increasing number of persons being treated for opportunistic infections makes it likely that anaesthetists will encounter increasing numbers of patients infected with HIV. The more common infections encountered in the operating room in North America have been included, with methods of avoiding possible infection from them. Constant vigilance and the use of universal precautions when caring for all patients is therefore required by the anaesthetist in the operating room in order to avoid contacting infection from patients.
为确保为每位患者提供全新的麻醉设备，已对处理各类麻醉设备的方法进行了讨论。这些方法包括使用一次性物品、蒸汽灭菌、化学消毒法、巴氏消毒法以及环氧乙烷灭菌法。文中讨论了使用一次性细菌和病毒过滤器来保护呼吸机和碱石灰罐。然后可以通过环氧乙烷以较低的频率（即每周一次）对这些过滤器进行灭菌。强调了通过使用屏障方法保护麻醉医生的皮肤不接触体液。文中讨论了避免被针刺和尖锐物体刺破皮肤的方法。因机会性感染而接受治疗的人数不断增加，这使得麻醉医生很可能会遇到越来越多感染艾滋病毒的患者。文中已纳入北美手术室中更常见的感染情况以及避免可能由此感染的方法。因此，手术室中的麻醉医生在护理所有患者时需要时刻保持警惕并采取通用防护措施，以避免接触患者的感染源。
