Faculty of Biology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Department of Neurosurgery, Molecular Neuroscience & Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Glia. 2020 Aug;68(8):1584-1595. doi: 10.1002/glia.23795. Epub 2020 Feb 8.
Schwann cells (SCs) are the main glial cells present in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Their primary functions are to insulate peripheral axons to protect them from the environment and to enable fast conduction of electric signals along big caliber axons by enwrapping them in a thick myelin sheath rich in lipids. In addition, SCs have the peculiar ability to foster axonal regrowth after a lesion by demyelinating and converting into repair cells that secrete neurotrophic factors and guide axons back to their former target to finally remyelinate regenerated axons. The different steps of SC development and their role in the maintenance of PNS integrity and regeneration after lesion are controlled by various factors among which transcription factors and chromatin-remodeling enzymes hold major functions. In this review, we discussed how histone modifications and histone-modifying enzymes control SC development, maintenance of PNS integrity and response to injury. The functions of histone modifiers as part of chromatin-remodeling complexes are discussed in another review published in the same issue of Glia.
许旺细胞（SCs）是存在于周围神经系统（PNS）中的主要神经胶质细胞。它们的主要功能是隔离周围轴突，使其免受环境影响，并通过包裹富含脂质的厚髓鞘来实现沿大口径轴突的快速电信号传导。此外，SCs 具有通过脱髓鞘并转化为分泌神经营养因子并引导轴突回到其先前靶标以最终对再生轴突进行再髓鞘化的修复细胞，从而促进损伤后轴突再生的独特能力。SCs 发育的不同步骤及其在 PNS 完整性维持和损伤后再生中的作用受到转录因子和染色质重塑酶等各种因素的控制。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了组蛋白修饰和组蛋白修饰酶如何控制 SC 发育、PNS 完整性维持和对损伤的反应。组蛋白修饰酶作为染色质重塑复合物的一部分的功能在同一期《神经胶质》杂志上发表的另一篇综述中进行了讨论。
