Medicover Centre Sea Towers, Gdynia, Poland.
Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.
Pediatr Int. 2020 Jul;62(7):840-847. doi: 10.1111/ped.14191.
The most common respiratory disturbance in sleeping children is obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Passive smoking is one of factors predisposing to OSAS. The aim of this study was to determine the correlations between exposure to tobacco smoke (passive smoking) and development of respiratory disorders in children during sleep.
One hundred and sixty school-aged children (6-18 years) were included in the study. The inclusion criterion was exposure to tobacco smoke at home (n = 90). The control group were school-aged children who had had no contact with tobacco smoke at home (n = 70). Exclusion criteria were obesity and children with impaired patency of the nose. Each child had a polygraphic examination performed at home. The children and their parents completed a questionnaire to assess the level of child's exposure to tobacco smoke. The study ran from December 15, 2012 to February 26, 2016.
OSAS was observed in 12% of children with an apnea-hypopnea index >1.5 (<13 years of age) and an apnea-hypopnea index >5 (for children >13 years), and with diurnal and nocturnal symptoms. Children exposed to tobacco smoke presented more apnea-hypopnea events (n = 17) than the control group (n = 3; P < 0.001). In the group exposed to tobacco smoke the following issues were noted: concentration problems (38.9%), tiredness/lethargy (46.7%), and irritability/hyperactivity (36.7%). No statistically significant differences were found in waking up, snoring, or sleep apnea.
OSAS occurs more often in children exposed to tobacco smoke and these children demonstrate concentration problems, tiredness, and irritability/hyperactivity to a greater extent than control group.
儿童中最常见的睡眠呼吸障碍是阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）。被动吸烟是导致 OSAS 的因素之一。本研究旨在确定暴露于烟草烟雾（被动吸烟）与儿童睡眠期间呼吸障碍发展之间的相关性。
本研究纳入了 160 名学龄儿童（6-18 岁）。纳入标准为在家中暴露于烟草烟雾（n=90）。对照组为家中无接触烟草烟雾的学龄儿童（n=70）。排除标准为肥胖和鼻气道阻塞的儿童。每个孩子都在家中进行了多导睡眠图检查。儿童及其父母填写了一份问卷，以评估儿童接触烟草烟雾的程度。研究于 2012 年 12 月 15 日至 2016 年 2 月 26 日进行。
在呼吸暂停低通气指数>1.5（<13 岁）和呼吸暂停低通气指数>5（>13 岁）且有昼夜症状的儿童中，观察到 12%的儿童患有 OSAS。与对照组（n=3）相比，暴露于烟草烟雾的儿童发生更多的呼吸暂停低通气事件（n=17；P<0.001）。在暴露于烟草烟雾的儿童中，还注意到注意力问题（38.9%）、疲劳/嗜睡（46.7%）和烦躁/多动（36.7%）。在醒来、打鼾或睡眠呼吸暂停方面，未发现统计学上的显著差异。
暴露于烟草烟雾的儿童更常发生 OSAS，这些儿童表现出注意力问题、疲劳和烦躁/多动的程度比对照组更为严重。
