Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, 34-40 University Road, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
AECOM Strategic Consultancy, 2 City Walk, Leeds, LS11 9AR, UK.
Accid Anal Prev. 2020 Mar;137:105464. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105464. Epub 2020 Feb 5.
Using naturalistic driving data, this study explored the prevalence of engagement in secondary tasks whilst driving through intersections, and investigated whether drivers manage and self-regulate such behaviour in response to variations in roadway and environmental conditions. Video recordings of in-vehicle and external scenes were coded for precisely defined categories of secondary tasks and related contextual variables. The findings indicated that nearly one-quarter of the total driving time at intersections was spent on secondary activities and that lower engagement occurred within intersections compared to phases immediately upstream or downstream. Drivers were less likely to occupy themselves with secondary tasks when their vehicles were moving than when they were stationary. Elderly drivers showed less inclination to perform secondary tasks than did younger drivers. Lastly, drivers tended to perform secondary tasks less frequently at intersections managed by traffic signs than those controlled by traffic lights, when they did not have priority compared to when they had priority, and in adverse weather conditions compared to fine weather conditions. In conclusion, drivers appeared to self-regulate secondary task engagement in response to roadway and environmental conditions. Specifically, they exercised self-regulation by reducing their secondary task engagement when the driving task was more challenging. The findings from this study provide preliminary evidence for targeting the education and training of drivers and media campaigns related to safe driving strategies and managing distractions.
本研究利用自然驾驶数据，探究了驾驶员在通过交叉路口时从事次要任务的普遍程度，并调查了驾驶员是否会根据道路和环境条件的变化来管理和自我调节这种行为。对车内和外部场景的视频记录进行了精确定义的次要任务和相关上下文变量的编码。研究结果表明，在交叉路口的总驾驶时间中，近四分之一的时间用于从事次要活动，而且与上游或下游阶段相比，在交叉路口内从事次要活动的时间更少。当车辆处于移动状态时，驾驶员不太可能从事次要任务，而当车辆处于静止状态时则更倾向于从事次要任务。与年轻驾驶员相比，老年驾驶员从事次要任务的倾向较小。最后，与在交通信号灯控制的交叉路口相比，驾驶员在交通标志控制的交叉路口执行次要任务的频率较低，在没有优先权的情况下比有优先权的情况下频率较低，在恶劣天气条件下比良好天气条件下频率较低。总之，驾驶员似乎会根据道路和环境条件自我调节次要任务的参与度。具体来说，当驾驶任务更具挑战性时，他们通过减少次要任务的参与度来进行自我调节。本研究的结果为针对驾驶员的教育和培训以及与安全驾驶策略和管理分心相关的媒体宣传提供了初步证据。
