Sun Shida, Jin Jiaxin, Xia Men, Liu Yiming, Gao Meng, Zou Chao, Wang Ting, Lin Yingchao, Wu Lin, Mao Hongjun, Wang Peng
Center of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
Environ Int. 2020 Apr;137:105514. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105514. Epub 2020 Feb 5.
Vehicle emissions are regarded as an important contributor to urban air pollution in China and most previous studies focused on megacities. However, the vehicle pollution in middle-sized cities becomes more severe due to the increasing vehicle population (VP) and lagged control policy. This study takes Langfang, a typical middle-sized city bordered by two megacities (Beijing and Tianjin), as the target domain to investigate vehicle emissions. The speed correction curves (SCC) are introduced to improve the vehicle emission factors (EF) simulation in official technical guidelines on emission inventory (GEI). A multi-year vehicle emission inventory (from 2011 to 2025) is developed in Langfang. From 2011 to 2017, the total vehicle emissions in Langfang decrease for carbon monoxide (CO), but increase for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NO), and inhalable particles (PM), respectively. From 2018 to 2025, the emissions would increase more rapidly in Langfang than in Beijing and Tianjin, indicating the middle-sized cities may become a significant contributor to air pollution in China. Four possible control policies, including VP constrained (VPC), public transportation promotion (PTP), new energy vehicles promotion (NEP), and freight transportation structure optimization (FTO) are evaluated. The most significant emissions reductions are observed under the FTO for CO, NO, and PM, and under the VPC for VOCs. The spatial distributions of vehicle emissions show a high order of heterogeneity, indicating that local conditions should be considered in policy formulation in addition to national consistency. More comprehensive policies should be implemented to mitigate the vehicle pollution in middle-sized cities.
在中国，机动车排放被视为城市空气污染的重要成因，且以往大多数研究都聚焦于特大城市。然而，由于机动车保有量不断增加以及控制政策滞后，中等城市的机动车污染问题愈发严重。本研究以廊坊这一典型的中等城市为目标区域展开机动车排放调查，廊坊与两座特大城市（北京和天津）接壤。研究引入速度修正曲线（SCC）以改进排放清单官方技术指南（GEI）中的机动车排放因子（EF）模拟。在廊坊编制了一份多年期机动车排放清单（2011年至2025年）。2011年至2017年，廊坊一氧化碳（CO）的机动车排放总量下降，但挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）、氮氧化物（NO）和可吸入颗粒物（PM）的排放总量分别上升。2018年至2025年，廊坊的排放量增长速度将快于北京和天津，这表明中等城市可能成为中国空气污染的重要来源。评估了四种可能的控制政策，包括机动车保有量限制（VPC）、公共交通推广（PTP）、新能源汽车推广（NEP）和货运交通结构优化（FTO）。在FTO政策下，CO、NO和PM的减排效果最为显著；在VPC政策下，VOCs的减排效果最为显著。机动车排放的空间分布呈现出高度的异质性，这表明除了全国一致性外，政策制定还应考虑当地情况。应实施更全面的政策以减轻中等城市的机动车污染。
