Ribeiro Camilo Bastos, Rodella Fernando Henrique Cavalcante, Hoinaski Leonardo
Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC Brazil.
Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC Brazil.
Clean Technol Environ Policy. 2022;24(3):851-862. doi: 10.1007/s10098-021-02238-1. Epub 2021 Nov 20.
This paper reviews the progress and effectiveness of Programs to Control Vehicle Emissions (PCVEs), comparing the experiences in the United States (US), European Union (EU), China, and Brazil. We present a timeline comparison of updates and differences in standards for light-duty vehicle (LDV) compliance. We then review the benefits of controlling LDV emissions on air quality, derived from previous relevant studies. Emission standards have been increasingly restricted in all evaluated PCVEs. However, some technical aspects such as dynamometer test cycles, re-testing structure of environmental protection agency, homogeneity of new and in-use vehicles inspection and maintenance, on-board diagnostics requirements are more consolidated in the US. Previous studies at different scales show the success of PCVEs in reducing vehicle emissions and air pollutant concentrations in the US, EU, China, and Brazil. Despite PCVEs has been achieving relative success, vehicular emissions are still a major threat to air quality around the world, especially in developing countries or ascending economies whose fleet grows dramatically. In places where the air quality standards recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) are violated, it would be required the implementation of more stringent regulations with a well-designed, and homogeneous compliance policy over regional and national territories. This work contributes to clarifying the current challenges and successful experiences on regulating vehicular emissions worldwide.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10098-021-02238-1.
本文回顾了车辆排放控制计划（PCVE）的进展和成效，比较了美国、欧盟、中国和巴西的经验。我们展示了轻型车辆（LDV）合规标准更新和差异的时间线比较。然后，我们回顾了先前相关研究中控制轻型车辆排放对空气质量的益处。在所有评估的车辆排放控制计划中，排放标准越来越严格。然而，一些技术方面，如测功机测试循环、环境保护机构的重新测试结构、新旧车辆检查和维护的同质性、车载诊断要求，在美国更为完善。不同规模的先前研究表明，车辆排放控制计划在美国、欧盟、中国和巴西成功减少了车辆排放和空气污染物浓度。尽管车辆排放控制计划取得了相对成功，但车辆排放仍然是全球空气质量的主要威胁，尤其是在车队急剧增长的发展中国家或新兴经济体。在违反世界卫生组织（WHO）推荐的空气质量标准的地方，需要在区域和国家领土上实施更严格的法规以及精心设计且统一的合规政策。这项工作有助于阐明全球范围内监管车辆排放的当前挑战和成功经验。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s10098-021-02238-1获取的补充材料。
