Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Rewa, 486001, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal (IPVDF), Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Estrada do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2020 May;11(3):101404. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101404. Epub 2020 Jan 29.
Pyrethroid pesticides are extensively used to manage animal and human disease vectors including the southern cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini). The indiscriminate and incorrect use of pyrethroids has led to the almost ubiquitous development of resistance to this pesticide class for this tick species. Voltage-gated sodium channels (Na-channels) are the primary target-site of pyrethroids and several studies on the involvement of mutations in the coding gene among pyrethroid-resistant R. microplus populations from different parts of the world have shown that there are various single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with resistance to pyrethroids. Identification of the exact location of the mutations in the protein coding regions of the targeted gene facilitates the design of various molecular tools for genotyping the resistant populations and thus promotes the rapid detection of resistance. This review aims to provide an update on the identification of pyrethroid resistance-associated Na-channel mutations from R. microplus.The database of diverse mutations from different regions of the world helped us to develop the molecular markers for resistance monitoring in a rapid and efficient manner. Their role and the development of different forms of molecular tools for genotyping ticks for mutations in the Na-channel gene are also discussed. In this review, the word mutation is used interchangeably with SNP.
拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂被广泛用于防治动物和人类病媒，包括南方牛蜱（Rhipicephalus microplus）（Canestrini）。由于对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的滥用以及使用不当，这种蜱类几乎普遍对该类杀虫剂产生了抗药性。电压门控钠离子通道（Na-通道）是拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的主要靶标位点，几项关于世界各地不同地区对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂具有抗药性的 R. microplus 种群中编码基因突变的参与的研究表明，存在多种与对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的抗性相关的单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）。鉴定靶标基因编码区中突变的确切位置有助于设计各种分子工具来对具有抗性的种群进行基因分型，从而促进对抗性的快速检测。本综述旨在提供关于从 R. microplus 中鉴定与拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂抗性相关的 Na-通道突变的最新信息。来自世界各地不同地区的多样化突变数据库帮助我们以快速有效的方式开发了用于抗性监测的分子标记。还讨论了它们的作用以及为 Na-通道基因突变开发不同形式的蜱基因分型分子工具的情况。在本综述中，突变一词与 SNP 可互换使用。
