University Medicine Greifswald, Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany.
Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 50, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
J Hosp Infect. 2020 Mar;104(3):246-251. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.01.022. Epub 2020 Feb 6.
Currently, the emergence of a novel human coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has become a global health concern causing severe respiratory tract infections in humans. Human-to-human transmissions have been described with incubation times between 2-10 days, facilitating its spread via droplets, contaminated hands or surfaces. We therefore reviewed the literature on all available information about the persistence of human and veterinary coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces as well as inactivation strategies with biocidal agents used for chemical disinfection, e.g. in healthcare facilities. The analysis of 22 studies reveals that human coronaviruses such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus or endemic human coronaviruses (HCoV) can persist on inanimate surfaces like metal, glass or plastic for up to 9 days, but can be efficiently inactivated by surface disinfection procedures with 62-71% ethanol, 0.5% hydrogen peroxide or 0.1% sodium hypochlorite within 1 minute. Other biocidal agents such as 0.05-0.2% benzalkonium chloride or 0.02% chlorhexidine digluconate are less effective. As no specific therapies are available for SARS-CoV-2, early containment and prevention of further spread will be crucial to stop the ongoing outbreak and to control this novel infectious thread.
目前，一种新型人类冠状病毒 SARS-CoV-2 的出现引起了全球关注，导致人类严重的呼吸道感染。已经描述了人与人之间的传播，潜伏期为 2-10 天，这使得它通过飞沫、受污染的手或表面传播。因此，我们回顾了关于人类和兽医冠状病毒在无生命表面上的持久性以及使用用于化学消毒的杀生物剂的灭活策略的所有可用信息的文献，例如在医疗机构中。对 22 项研究的分析表明，严重急性呼吸系统综合症（SARS）冠状病毒、中东呼吸系统综合症（MERS）冠状病毒或地方性人类冠状病毒（HCoV）等人类冠状病毒可以在金属、玻璃或塑料等无生命表面上存活长达 9 天，但可以通过 62-71%乙醇、0.5%过氧化氢或 0.1%次氯酸钠在 1 分钟内进行表面消毒程序有效地灭活。其他杀生物剂，如 0.05-0.2%苯扎氯铵或 0.02%葡萄糖酸氯己定的效果则较差。由于目前尚无针对 SARS-CoV-2 的特定疗法，早期遏制和预防进一步传播对于阻止正在进行的疫情爆发和控制这种新型传染病至关重要。
