Furlan Carla Regina Costa, Agnol Alais Maria Dall, Frucchi Ana Paula Souza, Vogel Carla Ivane Ganz, Ollhoff Rüdiger Daniel, Alfieri Amauri Alcindo, Sotomaior Cristina Santos
Graduate Program in Animal Science, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2025 Aug 5;57(7):344. doi: 10.1007/s11250-025-04585-3.
Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) causes neonatal diarrhea and respiratory diseases in cattle. Detection of BCoV on surfaces and fomites in dairy facilities is rarely reported. We examined the presence of BCoV on various surfaces of a dairy farm with previous BCoV-positive cattle. A total of 61 samples were collected, including 37 samples of surfaces and fomites from the housing of suckling calves, weaned calves, heifers, and lactating cows. Fecal samples (n = 13) and nasal secretions (n = 11) were collected from calves and cows. Molecular identification of BCoV was performed using semi-nested RT-PCR. Amplicons of BCoV genes N and S1 from three positive samples (environment, diarrheic feces, and nasal secretions) were selected for nucleotide (nt) sequencing analysis. BCoV RNA was detected in 27% (10/37) of environmental samples, including wooden surfaces, concrete and tiles, plastic feed troughs, drinkers, and calf bottles. Furthermore, BCoV RNA was amplified in 46.1% of fecal and 36.4% of nasal secretion samples. Analysis of the N gene revealed 100% nt similarity between strains from different sources, while the S1 gene showed 99.7 to 99.8% similarity. The same BCoV strain was detected in cattle and on the evaluated surfaces. These strains were ancestrally different from the prototype strains but clustered with other Brazilian field strains. In conclusion, BCoV is present in cattle and on different surfaces within the environment of the evaluated dairy cattle farm. Biosecurity measures, such as cleaning and disinfection, are crucial to mitigate infection risk, especially for calves.
牛冠状病毒（BCoV）可导致牛的新生犊牛腹泻和呼吸道疾病。关于在奶牛场表面和污染物上检测到BCoV的报道很少。我们检查了一个此前有BCoV阳性牛的奶牛场各种表面上BCoV的存在情况。共收集了61个样本，包括来自哺乳犊牛、断奶犊牛、小母牛和泌乳奶牛舍的37个表面和污染物样本。从犊牛和奶牛中收集了粪便样本（n = 13）和鼻分泌物样本（n = 11）。使用半巢式RT-PCR对BCoV进行分子鉴定。从三个阳性样本（环境、腹泻粪便和鼻分泌物）中选择BCoV基因N和S1的扩增子进行核苷酸（nt）测序分析。在27%（10/37）的环境样本中检测到了BCoV RNA，这些环境样本包括木质表面、混凝土和瓷砖、塑料饲料槽、饮水器和犊牛奶瓶。此外，在46.1%的粪便样本和36.4%的鼻分泌物样本中扩增出了BCoV RNA。对N基因的分析显示，不同来源的毒株之间核苷酸相似度为100%，而S1基因的相似度为99.7%至99.8%。在牛和评估的表面上检测到了相同的BCoV毒株。这些毒株在谱系上与原型毒株不同，但与其他巴西田间毒株聚类。总之，在评估的奶牛场环境中，牛及其不同表面上都存在BCoV。清洁和消毒等生物安全措施对于降低感染风险至关重要，尤其是对犊牛而言。
