Genetic effects of DSCAML1 identified in genome-wide association study revealing strong associations with litter size and semen quality in goat (Capra hircus).

The down syndrome cell adhesion molecule like 1 (DSCAML1), is associated with the development of the nervous system and neurologic diseases. Previous Genome-wide association studies have shown that it is associated with sperm morphology, suggesting it has a critical role in fecundity. In this study, expression profiles of goat DSCAML1 mRNA were analyzed. The results showed that its expression in the testis differ significantly between the mitotic stage and meiotic stage. Three insertion/deletion (indel) variants of goat DSCAML1 were determined in the Shaanbei White Cashmere Goat (SWCG, n = 2162). Based on the association analysis, two indels (P2-16bp, P14-15bp) were significantly related to sperm quality (sperm motility and sperm density) in male goat and three loci were markedly related to the first-birth litter size in female goat (P = 4.0 × 10; P = 1.0 × 10; P = 4.7 × 10). In male goats, the different genotypes of P2-16bp and P14-15bp revealed a noticeable effect on the expression of DSCAML1. Moreover, the effects observed in the first-birth litter followed a similar trend, which may provide the basis for further research of DSCAML1 gene function and marker assisted selection (MAS) programs to improve reproductive traits.