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Deaths from chronic renal disease in U.S. battery and lead production workers.美国电池和铅生产工人的慢性肾病死亡情况。
Environ Health Perspect. 1988 Jun;78:61-3. doi: 10.1289/ehp.887861.
2
Mortality among employees of lead battery plants and lead-producing plants, 1947-1980.1947 - 1980年铅酸电池厂和铅生产厂员工的死亡率
Scand J Work Environ Health. 1985 Oct;11(5):331-45. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.2215.
3
Healthy worker effect in a cross-sectional study of lead workers.
J Occup Med. 1993 Apr;35(4):387-91.
4
Mortality of lead workers.
J Occup Med. 1975 Feb;17(2):100-7. doi: 10.1097/00043764-197502000-00012.
5
Lead and hypertension in a mortality study of lead smelter workers.铅冶炼工人死亡率研究中的铅与高血压
Environ Health Perspect. 1988 Jun;78:65-6. doi: 10.1289/ehp.887865.
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Long-term mortality profile of heavily-exposed lead smelter workers.铅暴露严重的冶炼厂工人的长期死亡率概况
J Occup Med. 1982 May;24(5):375-8. doi: 10.1097/00043764-198205000-00008.
7
Cancer mortality patterns in the lead industry.铅工业中的癌症死亡率模式。
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1976;271:250-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1976.tb23119.x.
8
Mortality of lead smelter workers: A follow-up study with exposure assessment.铅冶炼工人的死亡率：一项伴有暴露评估的随访研究。
Am J Ind Med. 2016 Nov;59(11):979-986. doi: 10.1002/ajim.22618. Epub 2016 Jun 28.
9
A mortality study of lead workers 1925-76.1925年至1976年铅作业工人死亡率研究。
Br J Ind Med. 1982 Nov;39(4):404-10. doi: 10.1136/oem.39.4.404.
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Chronic Environmental and Occupational Lead Exposure and Kidney Function among African Americans: Dallas Lead Project II.慢性环境和职业性铅暴露与非裔美国人的肾功能：达拉斯铅项目 II。
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Dec 14;15(12):2875. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15122875.
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The association between cadmium and lead exposure and blood pressure among workers of a smelting industry: a cross-sectional study.冶炼行业工人镉和铅暴露与血压之间的关联：一项横断面研究。
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3
Renal function and hyperfiltration capacity in lead smelter workers with high bone lead.高骨铅含量的铅冶炼工人的肾功能和超滤能力
Occup Environ Med. 1994 Aug;51(8):505-12. doi: 10.1136/oem.51.8.505.
4
Mortality among New York State highway maintenance workers: 1958-1980.纽约州公路养护工人的死亡率：1958 - 1980年
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1995;67(4):225-35. doi: 10.1007/BF00409404.
5
Kidney effects in long term exposed lead smelter workers.长期接触铅的冶炼工人的肾脏影响。
Br J Ind Med. 1992 Mar;49(3):186-92. doi: 10.1136/oem.49.3.186.

本文引用的文献

1
Long-term occupational lead exposure, chronic nephropathy, and renal cancer: a case report.长期职业性铅暴露、慢性肾病与肾癌：一例报告
Am J Ind Med. 1981;2(3):293-7. doi: 10.1002/ajim.4700020309.
2
Kidney function and lead: relationships in several occupational groups with different levels of exposure.肾功能与铅：不同暴露水平的几个职业群体中的关系。
Am J Ind Med. 1980;1(3-4):405-12. doi: 10.1002/ajim.4700010318.
3
Occupational lead exposure, nephropathy, and renal cancer.职业性铅暴露、肾病与肾癌。
Am J Ind Med. 1980;1(2):139-48. doi: 10.1002/ajim.4700010204.
4
Contribution of lead to hypertension with renal impairment.
N Engl J Med. 1983 Jul 7;309(1):17-21. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198307073090104.
5
Nephropathy in chronic lead poisoning.慢性铅中毒中的肾病
Arch Intern Med. 1966 Jul;118(1):17-29.
6
Chronic lead nephropathy.
Kidney Int. 1973 Jul;4(1):1-5. doi: 10.1038/ki.1973.73.
7
Pathological effects of lead.铅的病理效应
Int Rev Exp Pathol. 1973;12:1-77.
8
Mortality of lead smelter workers.铅冶炼工人的死亡率。
Am J Epidemiol. 1985 Oct;122(4):673-83. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114146.
9
The relationship between blood lead levels and blood pressure and its cardiovascular risk implications.血铅水平与血压之间的关系及其对心血管风险的影响。
Am J Epidemiol. 1985 Feb;121(2):246-58. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113995.
10
Occupational lead nephropathy.职业性铅肾病
Am J Med. 1975 Nov;59(5):630-41. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(75)90224-7.

美国电池和铅生产工人的慢性肾病死亡情况。

Deaths from chronic renal disease in U.S. battery and lead production workers.

作者信息

Cooper W C

出版信息

Environ Health Perspect. 1988 Jun;78:61-3. doi: 10.1289/ehp.887861.

DOI:10.1289/ehp.887861
PMID:3203648
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1474594/
Abstract

This report is based on an analysis of deaths in 4519 battery plant workers and 2300 lead production or smelter workers during the years 1947 to 1980. Causes were coded to the seventh (1955) revision of the International Classification of Diseases. There were significant excess deaths for "other hypertensive disease" (444-447) and "chronic nephritis" (592-594) in both cohorts, the standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) being 320 and 475, respectively, for the former causes and 222 and 265 for the latter. Proportionate mortality analysis, which adjusted for race, also showed elevated ratios, 241 and 388 for the former causes and 296 and 186 for the latter. Deaths from other hypertension-related diseases did not show comparable excesses. Renal cancer deaths were fewer than expected, SMRs being 41 and 74, respectively.

摘要

本报告基于对1947年至1980年间4519名电池厂工人和2300名铅生产或冶炼厂工人死亡情况的分析。病因按照《国际疾病分类》第七版（1955年）进行编码。两个队列中，“其他高血压疾病”（444 - 447）和“慢性肾炎”（592 - 594）的死亡人数显著超标，前一类病因的标准化死亡比（SMR）分别为320和475，后一类病因的标准化死亡比分别为222和265。经种族调整的比例死亡率分析也显示出比率升高，前一类病因的比率为241和388，后一类病因的比率为296和186。其他与高血压相关疾病的死亡人数未显示出类似的超标情况。肾癌死亡人数低于预期，标准化死亡比分别为41和74。