在 Shavers White 母鸡饲养方案（28-43 周龄）中用脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉完全替代豆粕：对产蛋性能、蛋品质、器官重量和养分表观存留率的影响。
Complete replacement of soybean meal with defatted black soldier fly larvae meal in Shaver White hens feeding program (28-43 wks of age): impact on egg production, egg quality, organ weight, and apparent retention of components.
机构信息
Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada.
Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada.
出版信息
Poult Sci. 2020 Feb;99(2):959-965. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.032. Epub 2019 Dec 12.
Effects of total replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with defatted black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) on egg production and quality, organ weight, and apparent retention (AR) of components were investigated in Shaver White hens from 28 to 43 wk of age. A total of 108 birds, (6 birds/cage) were assigned to three diets (6 replicates/diet). Diets were control corn-SBM diet and two additional diets made with the addition of either 10 or 15% BSFLM. Diets met or exceeded breeder specifications, contained TiO as an indigestible marker, and were prepared in pellet form. Birds had free access to feed and water throughout the experiment. Hen-day egg production (HDEP) was monitored daily. Feed intake (FI) and body weight (BW) were monitored in 4-wk intervals. All eggs laid on the sixth day of wks 31, 35, 39, and 43 were used for egg weight (EW), Haugh units (HU), yolk color (YC), shell breaking strength (SBS), and shell thickness (ST). Excreta samples were collected for 3 consecutive days on wk 33 for AR and two birds/cage were necropsied at the end. There were no (P > 0.05) diet effects on HDEP, FI, and HU. Inclusion of BSFLM linearly decreased (P < 0.05) egg mass and feed conversion ratio (FCR) and quadratically increased (P < 0.05) BW. There was no (P > 0.05) interaction between diet and sampling time point on egg quality parameters. Inclusion of BSFLM increased SBF and YC linearly (P < 0.05) and ST quadratically (P = 0.028). Inclusion of BSFLM quadratically (P ≤ 0.01) reduced empty ceca weight and increased liver weight and had no effect (P > 0.05) on gizzard, small intestine, and pancreas weights. Feeding BSFLM linearly (P = 0.001) and quadratically (P = 0.007) increased apparent metabolizable energy (AME). Data showed that defatted BSFLM resulted in deeper orange yolks and improved eggshell quality; however, unfavorable FCR linked to lighter eggs as well as heavier birds and liver warrants further investigations.
研究了用脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉（BSFLM）完全替代豆粕（SBM）对产蛋鸡产蛋性能和蛋品质、器官重量和表观代谢能（AME）的保留率（AR）的影响。28 至 43 周龄的 Shavers 白母鸡被分为 3 组（每组 6 只鸡/笼），共 108 只鸡，分别饲喂对照玉米-SBM 饲料和另外两种添加 10%或 15% BSFLM 的饲料。日粮符合或超过饲养标准，含有 TiO2 作为不消化标记物，制成颗粒形式。试验期间，鸡自由采食和饮水。每天监测母鸡产蛋日（HDEP）。每 4 周监测一次采食量（FI）和体重（BW）。第 31、35、39 和 43 周第 6 天收集的所有鸡蛋用于蛋重（EW）、哈氏单位（HU）、蛋黄颜色（YC）、蛋壳破碎强度（SBS）和蛋壳厚度（ST）。第 33 周连续 3 天收集粪便样本进行 AR，每笼 2 只鸡进行剖检。日粮对 HDEP、FI 和 HU 没有影响（P>0.05）。添加 BSFLM 线性降低（P<0.05）蛋重和饲料转化率（FCR）， quadratic 增加（P<0.05）BW。日粮与采样时间点之间没有互作影响（P>0.05）。添加 BSFLM 线性增加（P<0.05）SBF 和 YC， quadratic 增加（P=0.028）ST。添加 BSFLM quadratic 降低（P≤0.01）空肠重量，增加肝脏重量，对肌胃、小肠和胰腺重量无影响（P>0.05）。饲喂 BSFLM 线性增加（P=0.001）和 quadratic 增加（P=0.007）AME。结果表明，脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉可使蛋黄颜色更深橙，蛋壳质量改善；但由于蛋重较轻，鸡体重和肝脏较重，导致 FCR 不理想，需要进一步研究。
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