Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, 11961, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2020 Apr;104(7):2871-2882. doi: 10.1007/s00253-020-10429-x. Epub 2020 Feb 10.
Advanced developments in the field of enzyme technology have increased the use of enzymes in industrial applications, especially in detergents. Enzymes as detergent additives have been extensively studied and the demand is considerably increasing due to its distinct properties and potential applications. Enzymes from microorganisms colonized at various geographical locations ranging from extreme hot to cold are explored for compatibility studies as detergent additives. Especially psychrophiles growing at cold conditions have cold-active enzymes with high catalytic activity and their stability under extreme conditions makes it as an appropriate eco-friendly and cost-effective additive in detergents. Adequate number of reports are available on cold-active enzymes such as proteases, lipases, amylases, and cellulases with high efficiency and exceptional features. These enzymes with increased thermostability and alkaline stability have become the premier choice as detergent additives. Modern approaches in genomics and proteomics paved the way to understand the compatibility of cold-active enzymes as detergent additives in broader dimensions. The molecular techniques such as gene coding, amino acid sequencing, and protein engineering studies helped to solve the mysteries related to alkaline stability of these enzymes and their chemical compatibility with oxidizing agents. The present review provides an overview of cold-active enzymes used as detergent additives and molecular approaches that resulted in development of these enzymes as commercial hit in detergent industries. The scope and challenges in using cold-active enzymes as eco-friendly and sustainable detergent additive are also discussed.
酶技术领域的先进发展增加了酶在工业应用中的使用，特别是在洗涤剂中。作为洗涤剂添加剂的酶已经得到了广泛的研究，由于其独特的性质和潜在的应用，需求也在大幅增加。从极热到极寒的各种地理位置上定植的微生物中探索用于兼容性研究的酶作为洗涤剂添加剂。特别是在寒冷条件下生长的嗜冷菌具有高催化活性的冷活性酶，其在极端条件下的稳定性使其成为洗涤剂中一种合适的环保且具有成本效益的添加剂。有足够数量的关于冷活性酶的报道，如蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶，它们具有高效和卓越的特性。这些具有更高热稳定性和碱性稳定性的酶已成为首选的洗涤剂添加剂。基因组学和蛋白质组学的现代方法为更广泛地理解冷活性酶作为洗涤剂添加剂的兼容性铺平了道路。基因编码、氨基酸测序和蛋白质工程等分子技术的研究有助于解决这些酶的碱性稳定性及其与氧化剂的化学兼容性相关的奥秘。本文综述了用作洗涤剂添加剂的冷活性酶以及使这些酶成为洗涤剂工业商业成功的分子方法，并讨论了将冷活性酶用作环保和可持续洗涤剂添加剂的范围和挑战。
