Olaguez Alma P, Castro Amy, Cleveland Kyndra C, Klemfuss J Zoe, Quas Jodi A
Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
J Child Custody. 2018;15(4):286-301. doi: 10.1080/15379418.2018.1509758. Epub 2019 Feb 21.
Statements made by children in a range of legal settings can irrevocably impact their family structure, relationships, and living environment. Because these statements can fundamentally alter children's futures, efforts have been made to identify methods to enhance children's reports by increasing comprehensiveness, completeness, and accuracy. Interviewer support has broadly been considered a method of interest, but variations in what constitutes "support" have highlighted the need for greater specificity in documenting how different facets of supportive behaviors relate to children's reporting tendencies. In this review, we describe work focused on the effects of interviewer support, on children's memory completeness and accuracy. We then describe to a subset of interviewer behaviors that encourage elaboration in dyadic interactions: back-channeling and vocatives. We present preliminary evidence suggesting that these utterances, referred to as implicit encouragement, can increase the amount of detail provided without compromising accuracy. Implications for custody evaluations are discussed.
儿童在一系列法律环境中所作的陈述会对其家庭结构、人际关系和生活环境产生不可逆转的影响。由于这些陈述可能从根本上改变儿童的未来，人们一直在努力寻找方法，通过提高陈述的全面性、完整性和准确性来增强儿童的报告。访谈者的支持被广泛认为是一种值得关注的方法，但对于什么构成“支持”存在差异，这凸显了在记录支持行为的不同方面如何与儿童的报告倾向相关时需要更高的明确性。在这篇综述中，我们描述了关注访谈者支持对儿童记忆完整性和准确性影响的研究。然后，我们描述了在二元互动中鼓励详细阐述的一部分访谈者行为：反馈和称呼语。我们提供了初步证据，表明这些被称为隐性鼓励的话语可以增加提供的细节数量，同时不影响准确性。还讨论了对监护权评估的影响。
