Hartnell David, Andrews Wendy, Smith Nicole, Jiang Haibo, McAllum Erin, Rajan Ramesh, Colbourne Frederick, Fitzgerald Melinda, Lam Virginie, Takechi Ryusuke, Pushie M Jake, Kelly Michael E, Hackett Mark J
School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
Front Neurosci. 2020 Jan 22;13:1415. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01415. eCollection 2019.
Diffusible ions (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cl) are vital for healthy function of all cells, especially brain cells. Unfortunately, the diffusible nature of these ions renders them difficult to study with traditional microscopy within brain tissue sections. This mini-review examines the recent progress in the field, using direct elemental mapping techniques to study ion homeostasis during normal brain physiology and pathophysiology, through measurement of ion distribution and concentration in brain tissue sections. The mini-review examines the advantages and limitations of specific techniques: proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE), X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), and the sample preparation requirements to study diffusible ions with these methods.
可扩散离子（钠、钾、镁、钙、氯）对所有细胞，尤其是脑细胞的健康功能至关重要。不幸的是，这些离子的可扩散特性使得在脑组织切片中用传统显微镜对其进行研究变得困难。本综述探讨了该领域的最新进展，即通过测量脑组织切片中的离子分布和浓度，使用直接元素映射技术来研究正常脑生理和病理生理过程中的离子稳态。本综述探讨了特定技术的优缺点：质子诱导X射线发射（PIXE）、X射线荧光显微镜（XFM）、二次离子质谱（SIMS）、激光烧蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱（LA-ICP-MS），以及使用这些方法研究可扩散离子的样品制备要求。
