Corciulo Carmen, Cronstein Bruce N
Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
Krefting Research Centre-Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Front Pharmacol. 2020 Jan 24;10:1591. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01591. eCollection 2019.
The joint is a complex anatomical structure consisting of different tissues, each with a particular feature, playing together to give mobility and stability at the body. All the joints have a similar composition including cartilage for reducing the friction of the movement and protecting the underlying bone, a synovial membrane that produces synovial fluid to lubricate the joint, ligaments to limit joint movement, and tendons for the interaction with muscles. Direct or indirect damage of one or more of the tissues forming the joint is the foundation of different pathological conditions. Many molecular mechanisms are involved in maintaining the joint homeostasis as well as in triggering disease development. The molecular pathway activated by the purinergic system is one of them.The purinergic signaling defines a group of receptors and intermembrane channels activated by adenosine, adenosine diphosphate, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, uridine triphosphate, and uridine diphosphate. It has been largely described as a modulator of many physiological and pathological conditions including rheumatic diseases. Here we will give an overview of the purinergic system in the joint describing its expression and function in the synovium, cartilage, ligament, tendon, and bone with a therapeutic perspective.
关节是一种复杂的解剖结构，由不同组织组成，每个组织都有特定的特征，共同作用以赋予身体活动能力和稳定性。所有关节都有相似的组成部分，包括用于减少运动摩擦和保护下方骨骼的软骨、产生滑液以润滑关节的滑膜、限制关节运动的韧带以及与肌肉相互作用的肌腱。构成关节的一个或多个组织的直接或间接损伤是不同病理状况的基础。许多分子机制参与维持关节稳态以及引发疾病发展。嘌呤能系统激活的分子途径就是其中之一。嘌呤能信号传导定义了一组由腺苷、二磷酸腺苷、三磷酸腺苷、三磷酸尿苷和二磷酸尿苷激活的受体和跨膜通道。它在很大程度上被描述为包括风湿性疾病在内的许多生理和病理状况的调节因子。在此，我们将从治疗角度概述关节中的嘌呤能系统，描述其在滑膜、软骨、韧带、肌腱和骨骼中的表达及功能。
