Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India.
Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States.
Front Immunol. 2020 Jan 23;10:3079. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03079. eCollection 2019.
MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that play a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression during cellular processes. The host-encoded miRNAs are known to modulate the antiviral defense during viral infection. In the last decade, multiple DNA and RNA viruses have been shown to produce miRNAs known as viral miRNAs (v-miRNAs) so as to evade the host immune response. In this review, we highlight the origin and biogenesis of viral miRNAs during the viral lifecycle. We also explore the role of viral miRNAs in immune evasion and hence in maintaining chronic infection and disease. Finally, we offer insights into the underexplored role of viral miRNAs as potential targets for developing therapeutics for treating complex viral diseases.
MicroRNAs 是短链非编码 RNA，在细胞过程中的基因表达调控中发挥着关键作用。已知宿主编码的 miRNAs 可在病毒感染期间调节抗病毒防御。在过去的十年中，已经证实多种 DNA 和 RNA 病毒能够产生被称为病毒 miRNA（v-miRNA）的 miRNA，以逃避宿主免疫反应。在这篇综述中，我们强调了病毒 miRNA 在病毒生命周期中的起源和生物发生。我们还探讨了病毒 miRNA 在免疫逃避中的作用，从而维持慢性感染和疾病。最后，我们深入探讨了病毒 miRNA 作为治疗复杂病毒疾病的潜在治疗靶点的作用。
