区分轻度智力障碍或边缘智力功能人士的护理：初级保健者、专业照护者和科学家意见的德尔菲研究。
Differentiating care for persons with mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning: a Delphi study on the opinions of primary and professional caregivers and scientists.
机构信息
Department of Tranzo, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands.
De Viersprong, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
出版信息
BMC Psychiatry. 2020 Feb 10;20(1):57. doi: 10.1186/s12888-020-2437-4.
BACKGROUND
The demand for support for persons with mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning is growing rapidly. These persons often encounter individual and familial limitations that influence their human functioning, and often have difficulty coping with the demands of modern society. Although in the areas of policy, research and practice, people with mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning are generally approached as one group, important differences between them have been reported. Current support seems to be both suboptimal and insufficiently differentiated.
METHODS
In this Delphi study we aimed to explore the need for appropriate and differentiated support for individuals with mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning. The study was based on five unique profiles of persons with mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning that are associated with individual and environmental variables. The opinions of expert primary caregivers, professional caregivers and scientists were analysed for potentially appropriate types of support for each of the five profiles.
RESULTS
A total of 174 statements, divided over the five profiles, were presented to the participants. For 74 statements, consensus was reached between the expert groups. For each profile, these consensual statements represented specific items (e.g. concrete personal goals) and non-specific items (e.g. the attitude towards persons with mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning, and the coordination of health care) related to the support needs.
CONCLUSION
This Delphi-based study generated consensual opinions contributing to a more differentiated system of support for individuals with mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning. Although these findings need additional investigation, they address actions that might enhance the support programmes for these individuals into more personalized support.
背景
对轻度智力障碍或边缘智力功能人士的支持需求正在迅速增长。这些人经常遇到影响其人类功能的个人和家庭限制，并且经常难以应对现代社会的需求。尽管在政策、研究和实践领域，轻度智力障碍或边缘智力功能人士通常被视为一个群体，但据报道，他们之间存在重要差异。当前的支持似乎既不尽如人意，也没有充分区分。
方法
在这项德尔菲研究中，我们旨在探讨为轻度智力障碍或边缘智力功能人士提供适当和差异化支持的需求。该研究基于与个体和环境变量相关的五个独特的轻度智力障碍或边缘智力功能人士的个人资料。分析了主要初级照顾者、专业照顾者和科学家的意见，以了解针对这五个个人资料中的每一个个人资料可能需要的支持类型。
结果
共向参与者提出了 174 项陈述，分为五个个人资料。专家组就 74 项声明达成共识。对于每个个人资料，这些共识声明代表了与支持需求相关的特定项目（例如具体的个人目标）和非特定项目（例如对轻度智力障碍或边缘智力功能人士的态度，以及医疗保健的协调）。
结论
这项基于德尔菲法的研究产生了共识意见，有助于为轻度智力障碍或边缘智力功能人士提供更具差异化的支持系统。尽管这些发现需要进一步调查，但它们提出了可能增强这些个人支持计划的行动，以实现更个性化的支持。
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