Martin Julie C, Joham Anju E, Mishra Gita D, Hodge Allison M, Moran Lisa J, Harrison Cheryce L
Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3000, Australia.
Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Clayton 3168, Australia.
J Clin Med. 2020 Feb 6;9(2):446. doi: 10.3390/jcm9020446.
Reproductive-aged women are at high risk of developing obesity, and diet quality is a potential modifiable risk factor. There is limited research exploring diet quality and its association with time since childbirth. Using data from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH) survey 5 (2009) of women born between 1973-1978, who reported having previously given birth, we investigated the association between time since childbirth and diet quality, and differences in energy, macronutrients, micronutrient intake, and diet quality assessed by the dietary guideline index (DGI) in women stratified by time from last childbirth, early (0-6 months; = 558) and late (7-12 months; = 547), and all other women with children (>12 months post childbirth = 3434). From this cohort, 8200 participants were eligible, of which 4539 participants completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and were included in this analysis. Overall, diet quality was higher in early and late postpartum women (mean DGI score 89.8 (SD 10.5) and mean DGI score 90.0 (SD 10.2), respectively) compared to all other women with children (>12 months post childbirth), mean DGI score 85.2 (SD 11.7), < 0.001. Factors positively associated with diet quality included higher education, physical activity, health provider support, and vitamin and/or mineral supplement use. Conversely, increasing time from childbirth (>12 months), smoking compared with non-smoking and medium income level compared with no income was negatively associated with diet quality. A lower diet quality in women greater than 12 months post childbirth may be reflective of increased pressures, balancing childrearing and return to work responsibilities. This highlights the need to support women beyond the postpartum period to improve modifiable factors associated with weight gain, including diet quality, to optimize health and reduce chronic disease risk.
育龄妇女患肥胖症的风险很高,饮食质量是一个潜在的可改变风险因素。探索饮食质量及其与产后时间关联的研究有限。利用澳大利亚妇女健康纵向研究(ALSWH)2009年第5次调查中1973 - 1978年出生且报告曾生育过的女性数据,我们调查了产后时间与饮食质量之间的关联,以及按距上次分娩时间分层的女性在能量、宏量营养素、微量营养素摄入量和饮食质量方面的差异,分层为早期(0 - 6个月;n = 558)和晚期(7 - 12个月;n = 547),以及所有其他有孩子的女性(产后>12个月;n = 3434)。在这个队列中,8200名参与者符合条件,其中4539名参与者完成了食物频率问卷(FFQ)并纳入本分析。总体而言,与所有其他有孩子的女性(产后>12个月)相比,产后早期和晚期女性的饮食质量更高(平均饮食指南指数(DGI)得分分别为89.8(标准差10.5)和90.0(标准差10.2)),所有其他有孩子的女性(产后>12个月)平均DGI得分为85.2(标准差11.7),P < 0.001。与饮食质量呈正相关的因素包括高等教育、体育活动、医疗服务提供者支持以及维生素和/或矿物质补充剂的使用。相反,产后时间增加(>12个月)、吸烟与不吸烟相比以及中等收入水平与无收入相比与饮食质量呈负相关。产后超过12个月的女性饮食质量较低可能反映了压力增加,需要平衡育儿和重返工作职责。这凸显了在产后阶段之后支持女性的必要性,以改善与体重增加相关的可改变因素,包括饮食质量,从而优化健康并降低慢性病风险。