INRA, Laboratoire Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2020 Mar;21(3):139-152. doi: 10.1038/s41583-020-0263-9. Epub 2020 Feb 10.
Glial cells are abundant in the CNS and are essential for brain development and homeostasis. These cells also regulate tissue recovery after injury and their dysfunction is a possible contributing factor to neurodegenerative and psychiatric disease. Recent evidence suggests that microglia, which are also the brain's major resident immune cells, provide disease-modifying regulation of the other major glial populations, namely astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. In addition, peripheral immune cells entering the CNS after injury and in disease may directly affect microglial, astrocyte and oligodendrocyte function, suggesting an integrated network of immune cell-glial cell communication.
胶质细胞在中枢神经系统中大量存在，对大脑发育和稳态至关重要。这些细胞还调节损伤后的组织恢复，其功能障碍可能是神经退行性和精神疾病的一个潜在致病因素。最近的证据表明，小胶质细胞（也是大脑的主要常驻免疫细胞）为其他主要胶质细胞群体（星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞）提供疾病修饰调节。此外，损伤后和疾病状态下进入中枢神经系统的外周免疫细胞可能直接影响小胶质细胞、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞的功能，提示存在一个免疫细胞-胶质细胞通讯的整合网络。
