Gowrishankar Manjula, Blair Becky, Rieder Michael J
Canadian Paediatric Society, Nutrition and Gastroenterology Committee, Drug Therapy and Hazardous Substances Committee, Ottawa, Ontario.
Paediatr Child Health. 2020 Feb;25(1):47-61. doi: 10.1093/pch/pxz153. Epub 2020 Feb 6.
Dietary sodium is required in very small amounts to support circulating blood volume and blood pressure (BP). Available nutritional surveillance data suggest that most Canadian children consume sodium in excess of their dietary requirements. Approximately 80% of the sodium Canadians consume comes from processed and packaged foods. High sodium intakes in children may be an indicator of poor diet quality. Results from systematic reviews and meta-analyses have demonstrated that decreasing dietary sodium in children leads to small but clinically insignificant decreases in BP. However, population-level strategies to reduce sodium consumption, such as food product reformulation, modifying food procurement processes, and federal healthy eating policies, are important public health initiatives that can produce meaningful reductions in sodium consumption and help to prevent chronic disease in adulthood.
维持循环血容量和血压只需极少量的膳食钠。现有的营养监测数据表明，大多数加拿大儿童摄入的钠超过了其膳食需求。加拿大人摄入的钠约80%来自加工食品和包装食品。儿童高钠摄入量可能表明饮食质量不佳。系统评价和荟萃分析的结果表明，减少儿童膳食钠摄入量会使血压有小幅下降，但在临床上无显著意义。然而，降低钠摄入量的人群层面策略，如食品配方改良、改变食品采购流程以及联邦健康饮食政策，都是重要的公共卫生举措，能够切实降低钠摄入量，并有助于预防成年期的慢性病。
