Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, AB25 2ZD, Aberdeen, UK.
Mol Nutr Food Res. 2020 Apr;64(7):e1900479. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201900479. Epub 2020 Mar 4.
Coffee is associated with a lower risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes at the population level. However, individual susceptibility to the effects of coffee consumption will cause heterogeneity in health responses between individuals. In this critical review determinants of inter-individual variability in cancer and cardiometabolic health outcomes in response to coffee and caffeine consumption are systematically evaluated.
Embase and MEDLINE are searched for observational studies and clinical trials that examined variation in the response to coffee consumption. A total of 74 studies meet the inclusion criteria, which report variation in cancer (n = 24) and cardiometabolic health (n = 50) outcomes. The qualitative analysis shows that sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol intake, menopausal status, and genetic polymorphisms are probable or possible determinants of inter-individual variability in cancer and cardiometabolic health outcomes in response to coffee and caffeine consumption, albeit the majority of studies have insufficient statistical power to detect significant interaction between these factors and coffee consumption.
Several genetic and non-genetic determinants of inter-individual variability in the responses to coffee and caffeine consumption are identified, indicating that some of the health benefits of coffee may only occur in a subgroup of subjects.
在人群水平上，咖啡与癌症、心血管疾病和 2 型糖尿病的风险降低有关。然而，个体对咖啡消费影响的易感性会导致个体之间健康反应的异质性。在本综述中，系统评估了咖啡和咖啡因消费对癌症和心血管代谢健康结果的个体间变异性的决定因素。
在 Embase 和 MEDLINE 中搜索了观察性研究和临床试验，这些研究检查了对咖啡消费反应的变化。共有 74 项研究符合纳入标准，报告了癌症（n=24）和心血管代谢健康（n=50）结果的变化。定性分析表明，性别、BMI、吸烟、饮酒、绝经状态和遗传多态性可能是咖啡和咖啡因消费对癌症和心血管代谢健康结果的个体间变异性的决定因素，但大多数研究没有足够的统计能力来检测这些因素与咖啡消费之间的显著相互作用。
确定了咖啡和咖啡因消费反应个体间变异性的几个遗传和非遗传决定因素，表明咖啡的一些健康益处可能仅在亚组人群中发生。
