Grosso Giuseppe, Godos Justyna, Galvano Fabio, Giovannucci Edward L
Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna, Catania 95123, Italy; email:
NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St. John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge CB4 0WS, United Kingdom.
Annu Rev Nutr. 2017 Aug 21;37:131-156. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071816-064941.
To evaluate the associations between coffee and caffeine consumption and various health outcomes, we performed an umbrella review of the evidence from meta-analyses of observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Of the 59 unique outcomes examined in the selected 112 meta-analyses of observational studies, coffee was associated with a probable decreased risk of breast, colorectal, colon, endometrial, and prostate cancers; cardiovascular disease and mortality; Parkinson's disease; and type-2 diabetes. Of the 14 unique outcomes examined in the 20 selected meta-analyses of observational studies, caffeine was associated with a probable decreased risk of Parkinson's disease and type-2 diabetes and an increased risk of pregnancy loss. Of the 12 unique acute outcomes examined in the selected 9 meta-analyses of RCTs, coffee was associated with a rise in serum lipids, but this result was affected by significant heterogeneity, and caffeine was associated with a rise in blood pressure. Given the spectrum of conditions studied and the robustness of many of the results, these findings indicate that coffee can be part of a healthful diet.
为评估咖啡和咖啡因摄入量与各种健康结局之间的关联，我们对观察性研究和随机对照试验（RCT）的荟萃分析证据进行了一项综合评价。在所选的112项观察性研究的荟萃分析中所考察的59种独特结局中，咖啡与乳腺癌、结直肠癌、结肠癌、子宫内膜癌和前列腺癌、心血管疾病及死亡率、帕金森病以及2型糖尿病的发病风险可能降低相关。在20项所选观察性研究的荟萃分析中所考察的14种独特结局中，咖啡因与帕金森病和2型糖尿病的发病风险可能降低以及流产风险增加相关。在所选的9项RCT的荟萃分析中所考察的12种独特急性结局中，咖啡与血清脂质升高相关，但这一结果受到显著异质性的影响，并且咖啡因与血压升高相关。鉴于所研究的疾病范围以及许多结果的稳健性，这些发现表明咖啡可以成为健康饮食的一部分。
