Sonoma Technology, Inc., Petaluma, CA 95494, USA.
Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District (SMAQMD), Sacramento, CA 95814, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Feb 8;17(3):1080. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17031080.
Ambient air monitoring and phone survey data were collected in three environmental justice (EJ) and three non-EJ communities in Sacramento County during winter 2016-2017 to understand the differences in air toxics and in wood smoke pollution among communities. Concentrations of six hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) and black carbon (BC) from fossil fuel (BC) were significantly higher at EJ communities versus non-EJ communities. BC from wood burning (BC) was significantly higher at non-EJ communities. Correlation analysis indicated that the six HAPs were predominantly from fossil fuel combustion sources, not from wood burning. The HAPs were moderately variable across sites (coefficient of divergence (COD) range of 0.07 for carbon tetrachloride to 0.28 for m- and p-xylenes), while BC and BC were highly variable (COD values of 0.46 and 0.50). The BC was well correlated with levoglucosan ( of 0.68 to 0.95), indicating that BC was a robust indicator for wood burning. At the two permanent monitoring sites, wood burning comprised 29-39% of the fine particulate matter (PM) on nights when PM concentrations were forecasted to be high. Phone survey data were consistent with study measurements; the only significant difference in the survey results among communities were that non-EJ residents burn with indoor devices more often than EJ residents.
在 2016-2017 年冬季，我们在萨克拉门托县的三个环境正义（EJ）社区和三个非 EJ 社区收集了环境空气监测和电话调查数据，以了解社区之间空气毒物和木烟污染的差异。与非 EJ 社区相比，EJ 社区的六种危险空气污染物（HAPs）和化石燃料（BC）的黑碳（BC）浓度明显更高。来自木柴燃烧（BC）的 BC 在非 EJ 社区中明显更高。相关分析表明，这六种 HAPs 主要来自化石燃料燃烧源，而不是来自木柴燃烧。HAPs 在各站点之间变化较大（四氯化碳的发散系数（COD）范围为 0.07，对二甲苯和间二甲苯的 COD 范围为 0.28），而 BC 和 BC 的变化较大（COD 值分别为 0.46 和 0.50）。BC 与左旋葡聚糖（0.68 至 0.95）密切相关，表明 BC 是木柴燃烧的可靠指标。在两个永久性监测点，当 PM 浓度预计较高时，木柴燃烧占细颗粒物（PM）的 29-39%。电话调查数据与研究测量结果一致；社区之间唯一的显著差异是，非 EJ 居民比 EJ 居民更频繁地在室内使用燃烧设备。
