申请人、学生和医生如何看待医学的女性化？——问卷调查。
How do applicants, students and physicians think about the feminisation of medicine? - a questionnaire-survey.
机构信息
Department of General Practice and Study Deanery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, 37073, Germany.
Department of General Practice, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2/ D7, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
出版信息
BMC Med Educ. 2020 Feb 11;20(1):48. doi: 10.1186/s12909-020-1959-2.
BACKGROUND
The implications of the feminisation of medicine, which is characterised by a growing proportion of female doctors, is a topic currently being debated worldwide. To date, however, there has been no systematic survey of the viewpoint of present and future doctors on this subject. The aim of the present study is to determine how future and present doctors view this trend in terms of its relevance to the medical profession and its present impacts.
METHODS
Of a total sample of 3813 people, 181 applicants for the winter term 2014, 590 medical students and 225 doctors of the UMG participated in this cross-sectional electronic questionnaire. The answers were analysed by means of the statistics program IBM SPSS Statistics 22. Open answers were qualitatively evaluated and categorised using the "Basiswissengeleitete offene Kategorienfindung" (Werner Früh) and coded for statistical analysis.
RESULTS
The majority of our participants favoured a balanced gender-ratio among doctors: 77% of applicants, 68% of students and 61% of doctors rated this as important or very important. The results from the student and applicant groups differed concerning female gender. When answering in the role of a patient, the doctor's gender was found to be more relevant than when the participants were answering in the role of the doctor. The majority of the respondents opined that feminisation had had an impact on their workplace: particular factors included part-time work, work-related organisation and the diversity of the medical profession. Commentaries were mostly categorised as negative.
CONCLUSIONS
The feminisation of medicine was viewed largely critically by the participants of this study. The respondents evaluated gender as being relevant for the medical profession and favoured a diverse workforce; however, the significance of one's own gender in medical practice was underrated in comparison, implying a need for more awareness of the effect of a doctor's gender on the patient-doctor-relationship. The mainly negative comments concerning the impact of feminisiation on work organisation, work satisfaction and patient care show the need for further research and action to adapt current medical work practices to the changing demographics in order to improve work satisfaction and quality of care.
背景
医学领域女性化的趋势越来越明显，即医生中女性的比例不断增加，这是目前全球范围内正在讨论的一个话题。然而，迄今为止，尚未对当前和未来医生对这一趋势的看法进行系统调查。本研究旨在确定未来和当前医生如何看待这一趋势，以及其与医疗行业的相关性及其目前的影响。
方法
在总共 3813 人的样本中，有 181 名冬季学期 2014 年的申请人、590 名医学生和 225 名 UMG 医生参与了这项横断面电子问卷调查。使用 IBM SPSS Statistics 22 统计程序对答案进行分析。对开放式答案进行定性评估，并使用“Basiswissengeleitete offene Kategorienfindung”（Werner Früh）进行分类，并进行统计分析。
结果
我们的大多数参与者赞成医生中性别比例平衡：77%的申请人、68%的学生和 61%的医生认为这一点很重要或非常重要。学生组和申请人组在女性性别方面的结果不同。当以患者的角色回答时，医生的性别比参与者以医生的角色回答时更相关。大多数受访者认为女性化对他们的工作场所产生了影响：具体因素包括兼职工作、工作组织和医疗行业的多样性。评论大多被归类为负面。
结论
这项研究的参与者对医学领域的女性化持批评态度。受访者认为性别与医疗行业相关，并赞成多元化的劳动力；然而，与医疗实践中的性别相比，人们对自身性别的重视程度较低，这意味着需要进一步提高对医生性别对医患关系影响的认识。关于女性化对工作组织、工作满意度和患者护理的影响的主要负面评论表明，需要进一步研究和采取行动，使当前的医疗工作实践适应不断变化的人口结构，以提高工作满意度和护理质量。
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