Baker Kathleen Kromer, Watters Corilee A, Dannemiller James E, Iwamura Scott T, Brooks Barbara A
Office of Health Status Monitoring, Hawai'i Department of Health, Honolulu HI; Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI (KKB).
Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Science, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu HI (CAW, STI).
Hawaii J Health Soc Welf. 2020 Feb 1;79(2):51-59.
The population of Hawai'i has traditionally been high in average fish consumption when compared to the national average. However, information is lacking on patterns of fish consumption among subpopulations. Data on fish consumption in the last 30 days from 11,293 adults was collected with the use of the Hawai'i Health Survey (an annual telephone survey of households and household members) during the years 2007 and 2008 and weighted to represent the adult population of Hawai'i. The US Department of Agriculture's, Environmental Protection Agency, and the United States Food and Drug Administration, recommend 8-12 ounces of fish per week for associated health benefits. Present estimates of fish consumption were skewed to the right (mean 10.5 and median 7.9 ounces) with some adults eating large amounts of fish per day and frequently. It may be of concern, given high amounts of methylmercury in select fish, that 13.7% of adults were eating fish 20 or more times per month. In addition, the serving size increased with increasing number of times per week fish was eaten. The subpopulation variables examined included age, sex, marital status, education, ethnicity, poverty, and demographics representing the adults of Hawai'i. The prevalence of adults consuming 8 or more ounces was highest for other than Honolulu counties, men, ages 18-74, married, with at least one year of college, Filipino and Native Hawaiian ethnicities (White, Japanese, Chinese, and All Others were also examined), employed, and adults living with higher income levels (lower poverty). However, only an estimated 46.9% of adults in Hawai'i were eating the eight or more ounces of fish weekly. Prevalence was lowest for women, Chinese, age >74 years, and the City and County of Honolulu. Adults who rated their general health better (excellent/good compared to fair/poor) were more likely to consume 8 or more ounces of fish per week, significantly for men. Men who rated their physical health higher and their mental health higher (via Optum SF™ Health Surveys) were associated with higher prevalence of consuming 8 or more ounces of fish per week. Higher consumption of the beneficial omega-3 fatty acids associated with fish low in methylmercury needs to be encouraged for those not meeting the recommended ounces of fish per week, particularly women, Chinese, older age groups, and adults living below the poverty level.
与全国平均水平相比，夏威夷居民的鱼类平均消费量一直较高。然而，关于亚人群体鱼类消费模式的信息却很匮乏。2007年和2008年期间，通过夏威夷健康调查（一项对家庭和家庭成员的年度电话调查）收集了11293名成年人过去30天内的鱼类消费数据，并进行加权以代表夏威夷的成年人口。美国农业部、环境保护局和美国食品药品监督管理局建议每周食用8 - 12盎司鱼类以获得相关健康益处。目前鱼类消费估计呈右偏态分布（均值为10.5盎司，中位数为7.9盎司），一些成年人每天大量且频繁地食用鱼类。鉴于某些鱼类中甲基汞含量较高，每月食用鱼类20次或更多次的成年人占13.7%，这可能令人担忧。此外，随着每周食用鱼类次数的增加，食用量也有所增加。所考察的亚人群体变量包括年龄、性别、婚姻状况、教育程度、种族、贫困状况以及代表夏威夷成年人的人口统计学特征。在檀香山以外的县、男性、18 - 74岁、已婚、至少有一年大学学历、菲律宾和夏威夷原住民种族（也对白人、日本人、中国人及其他所有人进行了考察）、就业以及收入水平较高（贫困程度较低）的成年人中，每周食用8盎司或更多鱼类的成年人患病率最高。然而，夏威夷估计只有46.9%的成年人每周食用8盎司或更多的鱼类。女性、中国人、74岁以上人群以及檀香山市县的患病率最低。自我评估总体健康状况较好（优秀/良好相较于一般/较差）的成年人更有可能每周食用8盎司或更多的鱼类，男性的这种关联尤为显著。通过Optum SF™健康调查，自我评估身体健康和心理健康状况较高的男性，每周食用8盎司或更多鱼类的患病率也较高。对于未达到每周鱼类推荐食用量的人群，尤其是女性、中国人、老年群体以及生活在贫困线以下的成年人，需要鼓励他们更多地食用与甲基汞含量较低的鱼类相关的有益ω-3脂肪酸。
