Moreno Megan A, Binger Kole, Zhao Qianqian, Eickhoff Jens
Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.
Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.
J Med Internet Res. 2020 Feb 12;22(2):e16736. doi: 10.2196/16736.
Interactive digital technology use is integral to adolescents' lives and has been associated with both health benefits and risks. Previous studies have largely focused on measuring the quantity of technology use or understanding the use of specific platforms. To better understand adolescents' interactive digital technology use, we need new approaches that consider technology interactions and their importance.
This study aimed to develop an assessment tool to evaluate adolescents' digital technology interactions and their perceived importance.
We used a validated scale development approach comprising 2 initial steps to create an item pool: item pool development and item pool refinement. These steps relied upon empirical literature review and an expert convening. We then evaluated the item pool using a Web-based survey. Data were collected via Qualtrics panel recruitment from a national sample of 12- to 18-year-olds. Participant data were randomly split into a development subsample for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a test subsample for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). We assessed Cronbach alpha as well as model fit characteristics including root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) and comparative fit index (CFI).
Our initial item pool had 71 items and the refined item pool contained 40. A total of 761 adolescents assessed the item pool via Web-based survey. Participants had a mean age of 14.8 (SD 1.7) years and were 52.8% (402/761) female and 77.5% (590/761) white. The EFA analysis included 500 participants and an 18-item draft scale was created. The CFA included 261 participants to test the draft scale. Adequate model fit for the scale was indicated by an RMSEA of 0.063 and a CFI of 0.95. The final scale included 18 items in a 3-factor model, with Cronbach alpha for the 3 factors of .87 (factor 1), .90 (factor 2) and .82 (factor 3). The 3 factors were named (1) technology to bridge online and offline experiences, (2) technology to go outside one's identity or offline environment, and (3) technology for social connection.
The resulting Adolescents' Digital Technology Interactions and Importance (ADTI) scale is a promising and psychometrically validated tool for identifying the importance of distinct technology interactions. The scale is informed by relevant theory and expert input. The 3 subscales have utility for future studies to understand whether certain subscale score ranges are associated with health or well-being outcomes.
交互式数字技术的使用是青少年生活中不可或缺的一部分，与健康益处和风险都有关联。以往的研究主要集中在衡量技术使用的数量或理解特定平台的使用情况。为了更好地理解青少年的交互式数字技术使用情况，我们需要新的方法来考虑技术交互及其重要性。
本研究旨在开发一种评估工具，以评估青少年的数字技术交互及其感知到的重要性。
我们采用了一种经过验证的量表开发方法，包括两个初始步骤来创建项目池：项目池开发和项目池优化。这些步骤依赖于实证文献综述和专家召集。然后，我们使用基于网络的调查对项目池进行评估。通过Qualtrics面板招募，从12至18岁的全国样本中收集数据。参与者数据被随机分为用于探索性因子分析（EFA）的开发子样本和用于验证性因子分析（CFA）的测试子样本。我们评估了克朗巴哈系数以及模型拟合特征，包括近似均方根误差（RMSEA）和比较拟合指数（CFI）。
我们最初的项目池有71个项目，优化后的项目池包含40个。共有761名青少年通过基于网络的调查对项目池进行了评估。参与者的平均年龄为14.8（标准差1.7）岁，女性占52.8%（402/761），白人占77.5%（590/761）。EFA分析包括500名参与者，并创建了一个包含18个项目的初步量表。CFA包括261名参与者来测试初步量表。RMSEA为0.063，CFI为0.95，表明该量表具有足够的模型拟合度。最终量表在一个三因素模型中包括18个项目，三个因素的克朗巴哈系数分别为0.87（因素1）、0.90（因素2）和0.82（因素3）。这三个因素分别被命名为：（1）连接线上和线下体验的技术；（2）超越个人身份或线下环境的技术；（3）用于社交联系的技术。
由此产生的青少年数字技术交互与重要性（ADTI）量表是一种有前景且经过心理测量学验证的工具，用于确定不同技术交互的重要性。该量表以相关理论和专家意见为依据。这三个子量表对未来研究理解某些子量表得分范围是否与健康或幸福结果相关具有实用价值。
