Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Institute of Agroecology and Plant Production, pl. Grunwaldzki 24a, 50-350, Wrocław, Poland.
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Institute of Soil Science and Environmental Protection, ul. Grunwaldzka 53, 50-357, Wrocław, Poland.
Chemosphere. 2020 Jun;248:126045. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126045. Epub 2020 Jan 29.
Soils strongly enriched in arsenic in historical mining sites pose the environmental risk. Phytostabilization is a reasonable method for their remediation. A suitability of red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) for this purpose was examined. Plant and soil material was collected from four study objects: mine dumps in Złoty Stok and Czarnów and two areas formerly flooded by tailings. Total As in soils ranged 72-48900 mg/kg, while the shoots and roots of red fescue contained 1.5-65.5 and 2.3-824 mg/kg As, respectively. Bioaccumulation BAF and translocation TF factors were typical for excluders, however, in most cases, As in shoots exceeded 4 mg/kg, an EU threshold for As in fodder. A greenhouse experiment, that involved treatment with mineral fertilizers, manure, and forest litter, was performed to closer examine the factors governing As uptake by red fescue. A stress-resistant cultivar Leo-Pol was used as a test plant. Grass shoots were harvested after 6 and 12 weeks. Manure treatment increased strongly As extractability but did not increase As uptake by plants. Though, As concentrations in plants were in the pot experiment by manifold higher than those in the field. Particularly high (66.5-1580 mg/kg) was As in the second shoot harvest. Differences between the field and greenhouse data indicate that the populations of red fescue, that develop in As rich sites, are specifically As-tolerant. Possible mechanisms of tolerance are discussed. The conclusion is that the commercial cultivar, despite declared stress-resistance, cannot be used for phytostabilization of barren As-rich soils.
历史采矿场中富含砷的土壤构成了环境风险。植物稳定化是修复它们的合理方法。本研究考察了红羊茅（Festuca rubra L.）在这方面的适用性。从四个研究对象收集了植物和土壤材料：Złoty Stok 和 Czarnów 的矿渣堆，以及两个曾经被尾矿淹没的区域。土壤中总砷含量范围为 72-48900 mg/kg，而红羊茅的地上部分和根系分别含有 1.5-65.5 和 2.3-824 mg/kg 的砷。生物积累 BAF 和迁移 TF 因子典型地表现为排除者，然而，在大多数情况下，地上部分的砷含量超过了 4 mg/kg，这是欧盟对饲料中砷的阈值。进行了一项温室实验，涉及施用矿物肥料、粪肥和森林凋落物，以更仔细地研究控制红羊茅吸收砷的因素。使用抗胁迫品种 Leo-Pol 作为试验植物。在 6 周和 12 周后收获草茎。粪肥处理强烈增加了砷的可提取性，但并没有增加植物对砷的吸收。尽管如此，在盆栽实验中，植物中的砷浓度比田间实验中的要高得多。第二次收获的草茎中砷含量特别高（66.5-1580 mg/kg）。田间和温室数据之间的差异表明，在富含砷的地点发育的红羊茅种群具有特定的砷耐受性。耐砷性的可能机制进行了讨论。结论是，尽管商业品种声称具有抗胁迫性，但不能将其用于富含砷的贫瘠土壤的植物稳定化。
