Kurmus Halenur, Mohajerani Abbas
School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia.
Materials (Basel). 2020 Feb 9;13(3):790. doi: 10.3390/ma13030790.
Cigarette butts (CBs) are the most commonly littered waste material in the world. It is estimated that over 5.7 trillion cigarettes are consumed worldwide each year. Consequently, millions of tonnes of highly toxic waste are contaminating the environment. CBs are composed of cellulose acetate filters-a polymer with poor biodegradability-and which, depending upon the environmental conditions, can take many years to decompose. In this study, fired clay bricks were manufactured with 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% CBs by mass and tested against control bricks with 0% CBs. The results revealed a decrease in compressive strength from 48.6 MPa for 0% CB content bricks to 30.8 MPa for 1% CB content bricks, and a decrease in dry density with the increase in CB content, from 2114 kg/m for the control bricks to 1983 kg/m and 1969 kg/m for 1% and 2% CB content bricks. The highest value of water absorption appeared for 2% CB content bricks, which reached an absorption rate of 13.1% compared to 9% for the control bricks. The energy required during the firing process was calculated with a saving of up to 10.20%, for bricks incorporating 1% CBs. The thermal conductivity of the samples showed a reduction of 17% from 1.078 to 0.898 W m·K with the addition of 1% CBs. In addition, the manufactured bricks were tested for efflorescence, an initial rate of absorption (IRA), microstructural analysis, and shrinkage. A life-cycle assessment (LCA) is recommended to analyze the environmental impacts of bricks incorporating CBs.
烟头是世界上最常见的乱扔垃圾。据估计，全球每年消费超过5.7万亿支香烟。因此，数百万吨剧毒废物正在污染环境。烟头由醋酸纤维素过滤嘴组成，醋酸纤维素是一种生物降解性差的聚合物，根据环境条件，可能需要数年时间才能分解。在本研究中，用质量分数为0.5%、1%、1.5%和2%的烟头制造了烧制粘土砖，并与含0%烟头的对照砖进行了测试。结果显示，抗压强度从含0%烟头的砖的48.6MPa降至含1%烟头的砖的30.8MPa，干密度随着烟头含量的增加而降低，从对照砖的2114kg/m³降至含1%和2%烟头的砖的1983kg/m³和1969kg/m³。吸水率最高的值出现在含2%烟头的砖中，其吸水率达到13.1%，而对照砖为9%。对于含1%烟头的砖，烧制过程所需的能量计算显示最多可节省10.20%。添加1%烟头后，样品的热导率从1.078W/(m·K)降低了17%至0.898W/(m·K)。此外，对制造的砖进行了泛霜、初始吸水率（IRA）、微观结构分析和收缩测试。建议进行生命周期评估（LCA）以分析含烟头砖的环境影响。
