Faculty of Education, University of Macao, Macao 999078, China.
Department of Kinesiology and Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
Nutrients. 2020 Feb 10;12(2):442. doi: 10.3390/nu12020442.
Low-carbohydrate diets (LCs) seem effective on weight reduction and maintenance. However, the affect and enjoyment of exercise during LCs is not clear. The purpose of the present study was to compare the psychological responses to high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) during the consumption of a 4-week LC diet in overweight young women. With LCs (~10% carbohydrate, 65%-70% fat, 20%-25% protein), forty-three eligible women (age: 20.9 ± 3.1 years; body weight: 65.8 ± 8.2 kg) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: HIIT (10 sets of 6 s all-out cycling interspersed with 9 s of rest), MICT (30 min cycling at 50%-60% of peak oxygen consumption, V̇O) or no-exercise controls (CON). Anthropometric indices and V̇O were measured pre- and post-training. Feeling Scale (FS), Felt Arousal Scale (FAS), Exercise Enjoyment Scale (EES), and Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) scores were collected before and immediately after each training session throughout the study. After intervention, all three groups reduced by more than 2.5 kg of body weight whereas both exercise groups improved ~15% V̇O. Participants in the HIIT and MICT group exhibited similar affect points as indicated by FS and FAS. Post-exercise enjoyment scores in PACES were lower in HIIT (73-78 points) than MICT (83-87 points) despite similarly positive responses being observed in EES (corresponding to ~4 points of a 7-point scale). Short-term LCs were effective in weight loss and exercise training had an additive improvement on cardiorespiratory fitness. The overweight young women had similar affect valence, arousal levels, and comparable pleasurable feelings to HIIT and MICT with LCs. Furthermore, as indicated by PACES, MICT was more enjoyable which may elicit better adherence, whereas HIIT with LCs seems to be more arduous despite its time-efficiency.
低碳水化合物饮食（LCs）似乎在减肥和维持方面有效。然而，在 LCs 期间运动的影响和享受程度尚不清楚。本研究的目的是比较在超重年轻女性进行为期 4 周的 LCs 饮食期间进行高强度间歇训练（HIIT）和中等强度连续训练（MICT）时的心理反应。在 LCs（~10%碳水化合物，65%-70%脂肪，20%-25%蛋白质）中，43 名符合条件的女性（年龄：20.9±3.1 岁；体重：65.8±8.2kg）被随机分配到以下三组之一：HIIT（10 组 6 秒全力自行车，间隔 9 秒休息）、MICT（30 分钟以 50%-60%最大摄氧量的自行车运动，V̇O）或无运动对照组（CON）。在训练前后测量了人体测量指数和 V̇O。在整个研究过程中，在每次训练前后收集了感觉量表（FS）、感觉唤醒量表（FAS）、运动享受量表（EES）和身体活动享受量表（PACES）的评分。干预后，所有三组的体重都减轻了 2.5 公斤以上，而两组运动组的 V̇O 都提高了约 15%。HIIT 和 MICT 组的参与者在 FS 和 FAS 上表现出相似的影响点。尽管在 EES 中观察到类似的积极反应（对应于 7 分制的 4 分），但 HIIT 组的 PACES 中的运动后享受评分较低（73-78 分），而 MICT 组（83-87 分）。短期 LCs 在减肥方面有效，运动训练对心肺健康有额外的改善。超重的年轻女性在 LCs 下对 HIIT 和 MICT 具有相似的影响，具有相似的影响程度、唤醒水平和可比较的愉悦感。此外，如 PACES 所示，MICT 更令人愉快，可能会引起更好的依从性，而尽管 HIIT 具有时间效率，但 HIIT 似乎更加艰苦。
