Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials and Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
Food Funct. 2020 Feb 26;11(2):1245-1257. doi: 10.1039/c9fo02248a.
As the most common sleep disorder, insomnia seriously affects people's everyday lives. Phytochemicals have been shown to have excellent sleep-promoting effects. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate whether Rg5 and Rk1 extracted from ginseng had sleep-promoting effects and to explore their potential mechanisms. The results showed that Rg5 and Rk1 could significantly lessen the locomotor activity of mice and promote the sleep quality index, including increasing the amount of sleep in a pentobarbital sodium experiment with a threshold dose. In parallel, Rg5 and Rk1 could significantly shorten the sleep latency of mice and prolong the sleep time of mice. Furthermore, Rg5 and Rk1 augmented the GABA/Glu ratio, up-regulating the expression of the GABAA receptor and the GABAB receptor, whereas the GABAA receptor antagonist picrotoxin could antagonize the sleep quality of Rg5/Rk1. In addition, 5-HTP, the precursor of 5-HT, could enhance the sleep effect of Rg5 and Rk1 in mice, and both Rg5 and Rk1 could up-regulate the expression of 5-HT1A. These results were also confirmed by the detection of GABA and 5-HT in mouse cecum content. In conclusion, ginsenoside Rg5/Rk1 can exert sedative and hypnotic effects by affecting the GABA nervous system and the serotonin nervous system.
作为最常见的睡眠障碍，失眠严重影响人们的日常生活。植物化学物质已被证明具有优异的促进睡眠作用。因此，本研究旨在探讨人参中的 Rg5 和 Rk1 是否具有促进睡眠的作用，并探索其潜在机制。结果表明，Rg5 和 Rk1 可显著降低小鼠的运动活性，提高睡眠质量指数，包括增加阈剂量戊巴比妥钠实验中的睡眠时间。同时，Rg5 和 Rk1 可显著缩短小鼠的睡眠潜伏期并延长睡眠时间。此外，Rg5 和 Rk1 增加了 GABA/Glu 比值，上调了 GABAA 受体和 GABAB 受体的表达，而 GABAA 受体拮抗剂印防己毒素可拮抗 Rg5/Rk1 的睡眠质量。此外，5-HTP，5-HT 的前体，可增强 Rg5 和 Rk1 在小鼠中的睡眠作用，而 Rg5 和 Rk1 均可上调 5-HT1A 的表达。这些结果也通过检测小鼠盲肠内容物中的 GABA 和 5-HT 得到了证实。总之，人参皂苷 Rg5/Rk1 可以通过影响 GABA 神经系统和 5-羟色胺神经系统来发挥镇静和催眠作用。
