Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Cartilage. 2021 Dec;13(2_suppl):204S-212S. doi: 10.1177/1947603520904766. Epub 2020 Feb 13.
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from cells that are a part of many biological and pathological processes, especially in intercellular communication. These vesicles are involved cell signaling, influence tissue and immune response, and serve as biomarkers for diseases. Most interesting are the exosomes that are released from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for inflammation in joint diseases. Preliminary studies have demonstrated the advantages of using EVs rather than MSCs for cell free therapy. Research on exosomes have shown promising results as biomarkers for tracking the pathogenesis and prognosis of inflammatory arthritis. Therapeutically, animal studies have demonstrated immunosuppression, reversing inflammation, increasing chondrocyte proliferation, and drug delivery properties. The field of exosomes continues to develop and more basic science and clinical studies with safety and efficacy studies are needed.
外泌体是细胞释放的细胞外囊泡 (EVs)，是许多生物学和病理学过程的一部分，特别是在细胞间通讯中。这些囊泡参与细胞信号转导，影响组织和免疫反应，并作为疾病的生物标志物。最有趣的是，间充质干细胞 (MSCs) 释放的外泌体在关节疾病中的炎症反应中起作用。初步研究表明，使用 EV 而不是 MSC 进行无细胞治疗具有优势。对外泌体的研究表明，它们作为生物标志物具有跟踪炎症性关节炎发病机制和预后的潜力。在治疗方面，动物研究表明其具有免疫抑制、逆转炎症、增加软骨细胞增殖和药物传递特性。外泌体领域仍在不断发展，需要更多的安全性和有效性研究的基础科学和临床研究。
