Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
Molecular Basis of Adaptation Laboratory, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2020 Apr;18(4):335-347. doi: 10.1080/14787210.2020.1730178. Epub 2020 Feb 21.
: is a prototype of bacteria intrinsically resistant to antibiotics. The reduced susceptibility of this microorganism to antimicrobials mainly relies on the presence in its chromosome of genes encoding efflux pumps and antibiotic inactivating enzymes. Consequently, the therapeutic options for treating infections are limited.: Known mechanisms of intrinsic, acquired and phenotypic resistance to antibiotics of and the consequences of such resistance for treating infections are discussed. Acquisition of some genes, mainly those involved in co-trimoxazole resistance, contributes to acquired resistance. Mutation, mainly in the regulators of chromosomally-encoded antibiotic resistance genes, is a major cause for acquisition of resistance. The expression of some of these genes is triggered by specific signals or stressors, which can lead to transient phenotypic resistance.: Treatment of infections is difficult because this organism presents low susceptibility to antibiotics. Besides, it can acquire resistance to antimicrobials currently in use. Particularly problematic is the selection of mutants overexpressing efflux pumps since they present a multidrug resistance phenotype. The use of novel antimicrobials alone or in combination, together with the development of efflux pumps' inhibitors may help in fighting infections.
是一种固有抗抗生素细菌的原型。这种微生物对抗生素的低敏感性主要依赖于其染色体中编码外排泵和抗生素失活酶的基因的存在。因此，治疗 感染的治疗选择有限。本文讨论了 和 的固有、获得和表型抗生素耐药机制以及这种耐药性对治疗 感染的影响。一些基因的获得，主要是涉及复方新诺明耐药的基因，导致获得性耐药。突变，主要是在染色体编码抗生素耐药基因的调节剂中，是 获得性耐药的主要原因。这些基因中的一些表达是由特定的信号或应激物触发的，这可能导致短暂的表型耐药。
由于该生物体对抗生素的敏感性较低， 感染的治疗很困难。此外，它可能会对抗生素产生耐药性。特别成问题的是选择过度表达外排泵的突变体，因为它们表现出多药耐药表型。单独或联合使用新型抗生素以及开发外排泵抑制剂可能有助于对抗 感染。
