Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA.
Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2020 Aug;57(8):967-974. doi: 10.1177/1055665620905173. Epub 2020 Feb 13.
To translate and validate the velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) effects on life outcomes (VELO) instrument into Nepali, and test its internal consistency and validity.
Quality-of-life instrument translation and validation.
Community served by Nepal's craniofacial referral hospital.
Twenty-three postpalatoplasty children with VPI, 19 family guardians of VPI cases, and 29 non-VPI controls.
The VELO instrument was translated to Nepali by 2 independent bilingual translators, reconciled, backward-translated, compared, and modified using patient cognitive interviews. All VPI children, guardians, and controls completed the VELO-Nepali.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The VELO internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach α coefficient. Concurrent validity and discriminant validity were assessed using 2-sample test: assuming unequal variances.
The VELO was translated and optimized using cognitive interviews. The VELO-Nepali demonstrated excellent internal consistency, with Cronbach α coefficients of 0.93, 0.94, and 0.90 for VPI cases, guardians of VPI cases, and non-VPI controls, respectively. The VELO-Nepali exhibited strong discriminant validity between VPI cases ( = 45.4, standard deviation [SD] = 22.1) and non-VPI controls ( = 84.9, SD = 12.3), ( < .001). The VELO-Nepali showed strong concurrent validity with similarities in VPI case scores ( = 45.4, SD = 22.1), and guardian scores ( = 52.9, s = 22.8; = .473).
The translated VELO-Nepali demonstrates strong internal consistency, discriminant validity, and concurrent validity, and can assess quality of life for Nepali VPI patients. This instrument represents the first VPI quality of life assessment validated in Nepali, and supports the feasibility of its implementation in other low- and low-middle-income countries.
将咽腔闭合不全（VPI）生活影响量表（VELO）翻译成尼泊尔语，并对其进行内部一致性和有效性的检验。
生活质量量表的翻译和验证。
尼泊尔颅面转诊医院服务的社区。
23 名腭裂修复术后伴 VPI 的儿童、19 名 VPI 病例的家庭监护人以及 29 名非 VPI 对照者。
2 名双语翻译独立将 VELO 翻译成尼泊尔语，然后进行调和、反向翻译、比较和修改，使用患者认知访谈。所有 VPI 患儿、监护人及对照者均完成 VELO-尼泊尔语版。
采用 Cronbach α 系数评估 VELO 的内部一致性。采用 2 样本 t 检验评估同时效度和判别效度：假设方差不等。
通过认知访谈对 VELO 进行了翻译和优化。VELO-尼泊尔语版显示出极好的内部一致性，VPI 病例、VPI 病例监护人、非 VPI 对照者的 Cronbach α 系数分别为 0.93、0.94 和 0.90。VELO-尼泊尔语版在 VPI 病例（ = 45.4，标准差 [SD] = 22.1）和非 VPI 对照者（ = 84.9，SD = 12.3）之间表现出很强的判别效度（ <.001）。VELO-尼泊尔语版与 VPI 病例评分（ = 45.4，SD = 22.1）和监护人评分（ = 52.9，SD = 22.8； =.473）具有较强的同时效度。
翻译后的 VELO-尼泊尔语版具有较强的内部一致性、判别效度和同时效度，可评估尼泊尔 VPI 患者的生活质量。该量表是首个在尼泊尔验证的 VPI 生活质量评估工具，支持在其他低收入和中低收入国家实施该工具的可行性。
