Equipe de Recherche en Épidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Université Paris 13, Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, CRESS, Bobigny, France.
Département de Santé Publique, Hôpital Avicenne (APHP), Bobigny, France.
Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2021 Jan 1;27(1):65-73. doi: 10.1093/ibd/izaa018.
The incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) tended to increase for several decades. Diet is suspected to be a major determinant of the occurrence of these diseases. This prospective study aimed to assess the associations among occurrence of IBD, dietary patterns, and ultra-processed food in the French NutriNet-Santé cohort.
Participants of the NutriNet-Santé cohort who completed at least three 24-hour dietary records were included. Incident IBD cases were identified from 3 questionnaires and confirmed by phone or email interview. Major dietary patterns (DPs) were computed using a principal component analysis (PCA) based on 29 food groups' consumption, whereas proportions of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) were obtained using the NOVA classification. Multivariable Poisson models were performed to evaluate associations among DP quintiles, UPF proportion (UPFp) in the diet, and incident IBD.
A total of 105,832 participants were included, contributing 238,924 person-years in a mean follow-up of 2.3 ± 2.2 years. Among them, 75 participants reported an incident IBD. Three major DPs were retained: "healthy," "traditional," and "western." No significant association was found for DPs and UPFp after adjustments for covariates.
In this study, neither DPs nor UPF proportion in the diet were significantly associated with the risk of incident IBD after adjustments for covariates. Further studies are needed to investigate the long-term association between diet and IBD.
几十年来，炎症性肠病（IBD）的发病率呈上升趋势。饮食被怀疑是这些疾病发生的主要决定因素。本前瞻性研究旨在评估法国 NutriNet-Santé 队列中 IBD 的发生、饮食模式和超加工食品之间的关联。
纳入 NutriNet-Santé 队列中至少完成三次 24 小时饮食记录的参与者。通过 3 份问卷确定 IBD 病例，并通过电话或电子邮件访谈进行确认。主要饮食模式（DP）通过基于 29 种食物消费的主成分分析（PCA）计算，而超加工食品（UPF）的比例则使用 NOVA 分类法获得。采用多变量 Poisson 模型评估 DP 五分位、饮食中超加工食品比例（UPFp）与新发 IBD 之间的关联。
共纳入 105832 名参与者，平均随访 2.3±2.2 年，共贡献 238924 人年。其中，75 名参与者报告了新发 IBD。保留了 3 种主要 DP：“健康”、“传统”和“西方”。调整协变量后，DP 和饮食中 UPFp 与 IBD 风险之间无显著关联。
在本研究中，调整协变量后，饮食模式和饮食中超加工食品比例与新发 IBD 的风险均无显著关联。需要进一步研究来探讨饮食与 IBD 之间的长期关联。
