Serafin Lena, Sak-Dankosky Natalia, Czarkowska-Pączek Bożena
Department of Clinical Nursing, Health Science Faculty, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
J Adv Nurs. 2020 Jun;76(6):1320-1333. doi: 10.1111/jan.14331. Epub 2020 Mar 12.
To report a synthesis of the empirical studies that used the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R) to assess bullying among nurses based on evaluation of the psychometric properties and use and usability of the instrument and identification of the variables associated with bullying.
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Four databases were used in the literature search: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Scopus. The search was limited to original publications describing results of empirical studies written in English or Polish and published in peer-reviewed journals between 2002 and 2018.
Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility, extracted data and conducted quality assessment. Based on the extracted data, three separate meta-analyses were conducted.
Thirty-one articles were included in the review, 13 of which were selected for meta-analysis. In studies where participants reported bullying (N = 19), its prevalence ranged from 17-94%. Variables most often associated with bullying were age, educational level and years of professional experience. Usability of this instrument in different countries was supported by a high reliability in each study. In two meta-analyses, which included 12 studies with mean NAQ-R and item scores, the heterogeneity of data was calculated as high and moderate respectively.
The good quality of the NAQ-R in determining variables related to bullying is endorsed. Variables related to bullying identified in this review could be used to map out a model of a potential bullying victim for preventative measures.
The NAQ-R is a useful and reliable tool for measuring bullying among nurses; however, there remains a strong need to assure that a verified, standardized and updated bullying taxonomy is used in future studies to ensure reliable and comparable data. A model of a potential bullying victim may help nursing directors foster a healthier workplace environment, thereby improving patient outcomes in the long-term.
基于对《消极行为问卷修订版》（NAQ-R）的心理测量特性、使用情况和可用性的评估以及对与欺凌相关变量的识别，报告一项对使用该问卷评估护士群体中欺凌行为的实证研究的综合分析。
系统评价和荟萃分析。
在文献检索中使用了四个数据库：PubMed、CINAHL、PsycINFO和Scopus。检索限于2002年至2018年期间以英文或波兰文撰写并发表在同行评审期刊上的描述实证研究结果的原始出版物。
两名评审员独立评估研究的纳入资格、提取数据并进行质量评估。基于提取的数据，进行了三项单独的荟萃分析。
该综述纳入了31篇文章，其中13篇被选入荟萃分析。在参与者报告存在欺凌行为的研究中（N = 19），其发生率在17%至94%之间。最常与欺凌相关的变量是年龄、教育水平和专业工作年限。该工具在不同国家的可用性得到了每项研究中高信度的支持。在两项荟萃分析中，分别纳入了12项具有平均NAQ-R和项目得分的研究，数据的异质性计算结果分别为高和中等。
认可NAQ-R在确定与欺凌相关变量方面的良好质量。本综述中确定的与欺凌相关的变量可用于构建一个潜在欺凌受害者模型，以采取预防措施。
NAQ-R是测量护士群体中欺凌行为的有用且可靠的工具；然而，仍然非常需要确保在未来的研究中使用经过验证、标准化和更新的欺凌分类法，以确保获得可靠且可比的数据。一个潜在欺凌受害者模型可能有助于护理主任营造更健康的工作场所环境，从而长期改善患者的治疗效果。
